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LIBRARY -OF  AMERICAN  LINGUISTICS. 

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XII. 


DICTIONARY 


OF  THB 


CHINOOK  JARGON, 


OK, 


BY   GEORGE   GIBBS.  I 


«  NEW  YORK: 

CRAMOISY    PRESS. 
1863. 


"PM 

:Cr5 


BANCROFT 


UIBRARY 


PREFACE. 


SOME  years  ago  the  Smithsonian  Institution  printed  a  small  vocab 
ulary  of  the  Chinook  Jargon,  furnished  by  Dr.  B.  R.  Mitchell,  of  the 
U.  S.  Navy,  and  prepared,  as  we  afterwards  learned,  by  Mr.  Lionnet,  a 
Catholic  priest,  for  his  own  use  while  studying  the  language  at  Chi 
nook  Point.  It  was  submitted  by  the  Institution,  for  revision  and 
preparation  for  the  press,  to  the  late  Professor  W.  W.  Turner.  Al 
though  it  received  the  critical  examination  of  that  distinguished 
philologist,  and  was  of  use  in  directing  attention  tP  the  language,  it 
was  deficient  in  the  number  of  words  in  use,  contained  many  which 
did  not  properly  belong  to  the  Jargon, -and  did  not  give  the  sources 
from  which  the  words  were  derived. 

Mr.  Hale  had  previously  given  a  vocabulary  and  account  of  this 
Jargon  in  his  "  Ethnography  of  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedi 
tion,"  which  was  noticed  by  Mr.  Gallatin  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
American  Ethnological  Society,  vol.  ii.  He,  however,  fell  into  some 
errors  in  his  derivation  of  the  words,  chiefly  from  ignoring  the  Chiha- 
lis  element  of  the  Jargon,  and  the  number  of  words  given  by  him 
amounted  only  to  about  two  hundred  and  fifty. 

A  copy  of  Mr.  Lionnet's  vocabulary  having  been  sent  to  me,  with 
a  request  to  make  such  corrections  as  it  might  require,  I  concluded 
not  merely  to  collate  the  words  contained  in  this  and  other  printed 
and  manuscript  vocabularies,  but  to  ascertain,  so  far  as  possible,  the 
languages  which  had  contributed  to  it,  with  the  original  Indian  words. 
This  had  become  the  more  important,  as  its  extended  nse  by  different 
tribes  had  led  to  ethnological  errors  in  the  classing  together  of  essen 
tially  distinct  families.  Dr.  Scouler,  whose  vocabularies  were  among 
the  earliest  bases  of  comparison  of  the  languages  of  the  northwest 
coast,  assumed  a  number  of  words,  which  he  found  indiscriminately 


VI  PREFACE. 

employed  by  the  Nootkans  of  Vancouver  Island,  the  Chinooks  of  the 
Columbia,  and  the  intermediate  tribes,  to  belong  alike  to  their  several 
languages,  and  exhibit  analogies  between  them  accordingly.*  On 
this  idea,  among  other  points  of  fancied  resemblance,  he  founded  his 
family  of  Nootka-Columbians, — one  which  has  been  adopted  by  Drs. 
Pritchard  and  Latham,  and  has  caused  very  great  misconception. 
Not  only  are  those  languages  entirely  distinct,  but  the  Nootkans 
differ  greatly  in  physical  and  mental  characteristics  from  the  latter. 
The  analogies  between  the  Chinook  and  the  other  native  contribu 
tors  to  the  Jargon  are  given  hereafter. 

The  origin  of  this  Jargon,  a  conventional  language  similar  to  the 
Lingua  Franca  of  the  Mediterranean,  the  Negro-English-Dutch  of 
Surinam,  the  Pigeon  English  of  China,  and  several  other  mixed 
tongues,  dates  back  to  the  fur  droguers  of  the  last  century.  Tliose 
mariners  whose  enterprise  in  the  fifteen  years  preceding  1800,  explored 
the  intricacies  of  the  northwest  coast  of  America,  picked  up  at  their 
general  rendezvous,  Nootka  Sound,  various  native  words  useful  in 
barter,  and  thence  transplanted  them,  with  additions  from  the  Eng 
lish,  to  the  shores  of  Oregon.  Even  before  their  day,  the  coasting 
trade  and  warlike  expeditions  of  the  northern  tribes,  themselves  a  sea 
faring  race,  had  opened  up  a  partial  understanding  of  each  other's 
speech;  for  when*  in  1792,  Vancouver's  officers  visited  Gray's  Harbor, 
they  found  that  the  natives,  though  speaking  a  different  language, 
understood  many  words  of  the  Nootka. 

On  the  arrival  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia, 
in  1806,  the  new  language,  from  the  sentences  given  by  them,  had 
evidently  attained  some  form.  It  was  with  the  arrival  of  Astor's 
party,  however,  that  the  Jargon  received  its  principal  impulse. 
Many  more  words  of  English  were  then  brought  in,  and  for  the  first 
time  the  French,  or  rather  the  Canadian  and  Missouri  patois  of  the 
French,  was  introduced.  The  principal  seat  of  the  company  being  at 
Astoria,  not  only  a  large  addition  of  Chinook  words  was  made,  but  a 
considerable  number  was  taken  from  the  Chihalis,  who  immediately 
bordered  that  tribe  on  the  north, — each  owning  a  portion  of  Shoal- 
water  Bay.  The  words  adopted  from  the  several  languages  were, 
naturally  enough,  those  most  easily  uttered  by  all,  except,  of  course, 
that  objects  new  to  the  natives  found  their  names  in  French  or  Eng 
lish,  and  such  modifications  were  made  in  pronunciation  as  suited 
tongues  accustomed  to  different  sounds.  Thus  the  gutturals  of  the 

*  Journal  Royal  Geographical  Society  of  London,  vol.  xi.,  1841. 


PKEB-ACE.  Vll 

Indians  were  softened  or  dropped;  and  the /and  r  of  the  English  and 
French,  to  them  unpronounceable,  were  modified  into  p  and  I.  Gram 
matical  forms  were  reduced  to  their  simplest  expression,  and  variations 
in  mood  and  tense  conveyed  only  by  adverbs  or  by  the  context. 
The  language  continued  to  receive  additions,  and  assumed  a  more  dis 
tinct  and  settled  meaning,  under  the  Northwest  and  Hudson's  Bay 
companies,  who  succeeded  Astor's  party,  as  well  as  through  the 
American  settlers  in  Oregon.  Its  advantage  was  soon  perceived  T>y 
the  Indians,  and  the  Jargon  became  to  some  extent  a  means  of  com 
munication  between  natives  of  different  speech,  as  well  as  between 
them  and  the  whites.  It  was  even  used  as  such  between  Americans 
and  Canadians.  It  was  at  first  most  in  vogue  upon  the  lower  Colum 
bia  and  the  Willamette,  whence  it  spread  to  Puget  Sound,  and  with 
the  extension  of  trade,  found  its  way  far  up  the  coast,  as  well  as  the 
Columbia  and  Fraser  rivers;  and  there  are  now  few  tribes  between 
the  42d  and  57th  parallels  of  latitude  in  which  there  are  not  to  be 
found  interpreters  through  its  medium.  Its  prevalence  and  easy  ac 
quisition,  while  of  vast  convenience  to  traders  and  settlers,  has  tended 
greatly  to  hinder  the  acquirement  of  the  original  Indian  languages ; 
so  much  so,  that  except  by  a  few  missionaries  and  pioneers,  hardly 
one  of  them  is  spoken  or  understood  by  white  men  in  all  Oregon 
and  Washington  Territory.  Notwithstanding  its  apparent  poverty 
in  number  of  words,  and  the  absence  of  grammatical  forms,  it  pos 
sesses  much  more  flexibility  and  power  of  expression  than  might 
be  imagined,  and  really  serves  almost  every  purpose  of  ordinary  in 
tercourse. 

The  number  of  words  constituting  the  Jargon  proper  has  been  vari 
ously  stated.  Many  formerly  employed  have  become  in  great  meas 
ure  obsolete,  while  others  have  been  locally  introduced.  Thus,  at 
the  Dalles  of  the  Columbia,  various  terms  are  common  which  would 
not  be  intelligible  at  Astoria  or  on  Puget  Sound.  In  making  the  fol 
lowing  selection,  I  have  included  all  those  which,  on  reference  to  a 
number  of  vocabularies,  I  have  found  current  at  any  of  these  places, 
rejecting,  on  the  other  hand,  such  as  individuals,  partially  acquainted 
with  the  native  languages,  have  employed  for  their  own  convenience. 
The  total  number  falls  a  little  short  of  five  hundred  words. 

An  analysis  of  their  derivations  gives  the  following  result : 

Chinook,  including  Clatsop 200 

.  Chinook,  having  analogies  with  other  languages. .     21 
Interjections  common  to  several 8 


Vlll  PREFACE. 

Nootka,  including  dialects 24 

Chihalis,  32  ;  Nisqually,  7 39 

Klikatat  and  Yakama 2 

Cree 2 

Chippeway  (Ojibwa) 1 

Wasco  (probably) 4 

Kalapuya  (probably) 4 

By  direct  onomatopoeia 6 

Derivation  unknown,  or  undetermined 18 

French,  90 ;  Canadian,  4 94 

English 67 

. 

I  had  no  opportunity  of  original  investigation  into  the  Nootka 
proper,  but  from  the  few  words  in  different  published  vocabularies, 
and  from  some  imperfect  manuscript  ones  in  my  possession  of  the 
Tokwaht,  Nittinat,  and  Makah  dialects,  have  ascertained  the  number 
above  given.  Some  of  the  unascertained  words  probably  also  belong 
to  that  language.  Neither  was  I  able  to  collate  the  Wasco  or  Kala 
puya,  but  have  assigned  them  on  the  opinion  of  others.  The  former, 
also  called  Cathlasco,  the  dialect  of  the  Dalles  Indians,  is  a  corrupted 
form  of  the  Watlala  or  Upper  Chinook.  With  the  Chihalis,  Yakama, 
and  Klikatat,  and  the  Nisqually,  I  had  abundant  means  of  comparison. 
•  The  introduction  of  the  Cree  and  Chippeway  words  is  of  course  due 
to  the  Canadians.  None  have  been  derived  from  the  Spanish,  as 
their  intercourse  with  the  Nootka  and  Makah  Indians  was  too  short 
to  leave  an  impression.  Spanish  words,  especially  those  relating  to 
horses  or  mules  and  their  equipments,  have  of  late  come  into  general 
use  in  Oregon,  owing  to  intercourse  'with  California,  but  they  form  no 
part  of  the  Jargon.  It  might  have  been  expected  from  the  number 
of  Sandwich  Islanders  introduced  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  company,  and 
long  resident  in  the  country,  that  the  Kanaka  element  would  have 
found  its  way  into  the  language,  but  their  utterance  is  so  foreign  to 
the  Indian  ear,  that  not  a  word  has  been  adopted.  , 

In  the  nouns  derived  from  the  French,  the  definite  article  le,  la,  has 
almost  in  every  instance  been  incorporated  into  the  word,  and  the 
same  has  in  one  or  two  instances  been  prefixed  to  nouns  not  of  French 
origin.  Besides  the  words  created  by  direct  onomatopoeia,  there  are 
quite  a  number  which  are  really  Indian,  but  have  their  origin  in  the 
similarity  of  sound  to  sense. 

Dr.  Seoul er's  analogy  between  the  Nootkan  and  "  Columbian,"  01 
Chinook,  was  founded  on  the  following  words :  v 


1'IJKFACK. 


IX 


English, 

Tlaoquatch  and  Nutka. 

Columbian. 

plenty, 

*aya, 

*haya. 

no, 

*wik, 

*wake. 

water, 

tchaak, 

chuck. 

good, 

*hooleisli, 

*closh. 

bad, 

*peishakeis, 

*peshak. 

man, 

*tchuckoop, 

tillicham. 

woman, 

*tlootsemin, 

*clootchamen. 

child, 

"*tanassis, 

*tanass. 

now, 

tlahowieh, 

clabowiah. 

come, 

*tchooqna, 

*sacko. 

slave, 

mischemas, 

*mischema3. 

what  are  you  ) 
doing,          i 

*akoots-ka-*mamook, 

ekta-*mammok. 

what  are  you  ) 

*au-kaak-*  wawa, 

ekta-*wawa.    > 

saying,        [ 

let  tne  see, 

*nannanitch, 

*nannanitch. 

sun, 

*opeth, 

ootlach. 

sky, 

*sieya, 

*saya. 

fruit, 

*chamas,  ' 

*camas. 

to  sell, 

*makok, 

*makok. 

understand, 

*eommatax, 

*commatax. 

But  of  these,  none  marked  with  an  asterisk  belong  to  the  Chinook 
or  any  of  its  dialects.  The  greater  part  of  them  are  undoubtedly 
Nootkan,  though  there  are  errors  in  the  spelling  and,  in  some  in 
stances,  in  the  meaning.  Of  the  rest,  the  Nootkan  tchaak  and  the 
Chinook  tVtsuk  alone  presents  an  analogy.  Klahowiah  does  not  mean 
"  now,"  nor  do  I  believe  it  is  Nootkan,  in  any  sense.  It  is,  as  ex 
plained  in  the  dictionary,  the  Chinook  -salutation,  "  How  do  you," 
"  Good-bye,"  and  is  supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  word  for  jooor, 
miserable.  Mischemas  is  not  Chinook,  and  is  probably  not  Nootkan. 
With  the  exception  of  Franchere,  whose  short  vocabulary  was  pub 
lished  by  Mr.  Gallatin,  and  Mr.  Hale,  all  the  writers  mentioned  by 
Luclwig  who  have  given  specimens  of  the  Chinook  language,  have 
presented  it  in  its  Jargon  form,  more  or  less  mixed  with  the  -neigh 
boring  ones,  and  with  corruptions  of  French  and  English  words.  Mr. 
Swan,  among  others,  has  been  led  into  this  error.  The  place  of  his 
residence,  Shoalwater  Bay,  is  common  ground  of  the  Chinook  and 
Chihalis  Indians,  and  the  degraded  remnants  of  the  two  tribes  arc 
closely  intermarried,  and  use  both  languages  almost  indifferently. 


PREFACE. 


Setting  aside  interjections,  common  in  a  more  or  less  modified 

form  to  several  adjoining  tribes,  twenty-one  words  of  those  given  in 

this  vocabulary  present  noticeable  analogies  between  the  Chinook 
and  other  native  languages.     They  are  as  follows  : 


English. 

Chinook.       ffailtzuk  and  Belbclla 

salmon  berries,                   klalilli,                   olalli. 

English.               Chinook  and  Ctatsop. 

Nootka. 

Jewit;  and  Cook. 

water,               tl'tsuk     :    tl'chukw, 

chauk     :     cbahak. 

English.         Chinook. 

Cowlitz. 

Ewantlen.              Sdish. 

six,            takhum, 

tukh'um, 

tuckhum',           taekan. 

English. 

Chinook. 

Chihalis.              NisquaUy. 

deep, 

kellippe, 

kluputl,             klep. 

glad, 

kwan, 

kwal  (tame). 

proud, 

eyutl, 

juil. 

demon, 

ichiatku, 

tsiatko,              tsiatko. 

black  bear, 

eitchhut, 

chetwut. 

crow, 

skaka, 

skaka. 

oyster, 

klokhklokh, 

chet!6kh,           klokhklokh. 

game  of  "  hands," 

itlokum, 

setlokum. 

English. 

Chinook. 

Yakama  and  Klikatat. 

certainly, 

nawitka, 

n'witka. 

always, 

kwanisum, 

kwalisim. 

younger  sister, 

ats, 

atse. 

road, 

wehut, 

wiet  (far). 

barrel, 

tamtilitsh, 

tamolifsh. 

buffalo, 

emdsmus, 

miismus. 

coyote, 

italipus, 

telipa  (gray  fox). 

mouse, 

kholkhol, 

khoilkhoil. 

bread, 

tsapelil, 

saplil. 

needle, 

okw6powa, 

kapus  (a  pin). 

The  Clatsop  (Klatsop)  is  merely  a  dialect  of  the  Chinook  (Tchi- 
niik) ;  the  Cowlitz  (Kaualitsk),  Kwantlen,  Chihalis  (Tsihelis),  and 
Nisqually  (N'skwali),  are  severally  languages  belonging  to  the 
Selish  family.  The  Yakama  and  Klikatat  are  dialects  of  one  of  the 


PRKFACE.  XI 

Sahaptin  languages;  and  the  Tokwaht  (Tokwat),  Nittinat,  and  Makah 
(Maka),  quoted  in  the  dictionary,  are  dialects  of  the  Nootka  (Niitka), 
of  which  the  Hailtzuk  or  Belbella  (variously  spelled  Haeeltzuk  and 
Ilailtsa)  is  probably  the  northern  type.  It  thus  appears  that,  with 
two  or  three  exceptions,  the  analogies  of  the  Chinook,  as  contained 
in  this  vocabulary,  are  to  be  sought  in  the  immediately  adjoining 
tongues,  or  those  of  languages  belonging  to  the  same  families  with 
them;  that  these  analogies,  with  perhaps  one  or  two  exceptions,  can 
by  no  means  be  considered  radical,  and  that  their  correspondence,  or 
rather  adoption,  is  easily  accounted  for  by  neighborhood  and  habits 
of  intermarriage.  A  much  more  remarkable  coincidence  is  the  fact 
that  two  words  included  in  this  Jargon, — one  from  the  Nootkan,  viz., 
Mawitck,  a  deer,  venison ;  and  the  other  Chinook,  J/oofy&,  an  elk, — 
are  also  to  be  found  in  the  Kowilth,  the  language  of  Humboldt 
Bay,  in  California.  As  this  bay  was  first  discovered  in  the  winter 
of  1849-50,  the  words  could  not  have  been  introduced  by  the  fur 
trappers. 

With  regard  to  the  form  into  which  this  dictionary  has  been 
thrown,  an  explanation  is  necessary.  The  Jargon  must  in  some 
degree  be  regarded  as  a  written  language,  the  orthography  of  which 
is  English.'  In  Mr.  Bale's  vocabulary  alone  has  one  more  scientific 
been  attempted,  and  of  several  other  printed,  and  numerous  manu 
script  dictionaries  in  circulation,  M.  Lionnet's  alone,  that  I  have  met 
with,  is  according  to  the  French.  Although  no  fixed  system  of  spell 
ing  exists  among  them,  I  have  therefore  deemed  it  best  to  preserve 
for  the  Jargon  words  that  Avhich  most  distinctly  represents  the  com 
mon  English  pronunciation ;  while  for  the  Indian  derivations,  I  have 
adopted  that  recommended  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  collect 
ing  Indian  vocabularies,  using  the  Italian  sounds  of  the  vowels,  and 
representing  the  guttural  of  the  German  ich  by  Jch.  This  seemed  the 
more  proper,  as  the  work  would  thereby  be  rendered  of  practical  use, 
independent  of  what  philological  value  it  may  possess. 

In  collating  the  words  of  the  present  work  and  obtaining  their 
derivations,  I  have  been  assisted  by  a  number  of  friends ;  among 
whom  I  should  specially  mention  Mr.  Alexander  C.  Anderson,  of 
Victoria,  V.  L,  and  Mr.  Solomon  H.  Smith,  of  Clatsop,  Oregon. 


Bibliography  of  the  Chinook  Jargon, 


Journal  of  Travels  over  the  Rocky  Mountains.  By  Rev.  Samuel 
Parker.  12mo.  Ithaca,  N.Y.,  1838. 

"  Vocabulary  of  the  Chenook  language,  as  spoken  about  Fort  Van 
couver,"  pp.  336-338. 

Ethnography  and  Philology  of  the  United  States  Exploring  Expe 
dition.  By  Horatio  Hale.  4to.  Philadelphia :  Lea  &  Blanchard, 
1846. 

•    A  vocabulary  of  the  "  Jargon  or  Trade  Language  of  Oregon,"  with 
an  essay  thereon,  and  phrases,  is  given  in  this  work,  pp.  6"36-650. 

Transactions  of  the  American  Ethnological  Society.  2  vols.,  8vo. 
New  York:  Bartlett  &  Welford,  1845,  1848. 

In  vol.  ii.,  pp.  62-70,  under  title  of  "  Hale's  Indians  of  Northwest 
America,"  is  a  partial  reprint  of  the  above. 

Rev.  Z.  B.  Z.  Bolduc,  "Mission  de  la  Colombie"  8vo.  Quebec, 
1843. 

The  Lord's  Prayer  in  Jargon,  "et  quelques  mots  Tchinoucs'et  Sneo- 
mus."  The  Snohomish  is  a  tribe  of  Puget  Sound.  The  Chinook  words 

are  merely  Jargon. 

I 

Journal  of  Travels  over  the  Rocky  Mountains,  &c.  By  Joel  Palmer. 
12mo.  Cincinnati,  1847,  1852. 

"  Words  used  in  the  Chinook  Jargon,"  pp.  147-152. 

Adventures  of  the  First  Settlers  on  the  Oregon  or  Columbia  River, 
&c.  By  Alexander  Ross.  12 mo.  London,  1849. 

Ross  gives  a  "Chinook  Vocabulary,"  pp.  342-348,  and  words  of  the 
"mixed  dialect,"  p.  349.  His  Chinook  is,  however,  also  impure. 

Ten  Years  in  Oregon.  By  D.  Lee  and  F.  H.  Frost.  1 2mo.  New 
York,  1844. 

"A  short  vocabulary  of  the  Clatsop  dialect."  This  is  likewise 
Jargon. 


XIV  BIBMOGKAPHY    OF   THE    CHINOOK    JARGON. 

History,  d'c.,  of  the  Indian  Tribes  of  the  United  States.  Collected 
by  Henry  R.  Schoolcraft.  4to.  Parts  1-5.  Philadelphia,  1851, 
1855. 

Lieut  G.  F.  Eramons  gives  a  brief  "  Klatsop  Vocabulary "  in  Part 
III.,  pp.  223,  224,  which  is  of  the  same  character. 

Note  1  to  article,  "  Philosophy  of  Utterance,"  Part  V.,  pp.  548-551, 
a  "  Vocabulary  of  the  Chinook  Jargon." 

Vocabulary  of  the  Jargon  or  Trade  Language  of  Oregon.  English, 
French,  and  Jargon.  8vo.  Washington,  1853.  pp.  22. 

Printed  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  for  private  distribution. 
Without  title-page.  This  is  the  one  by  M.  Lionnet,  before  referred  to. 

The  Northwest  Coast;  or,  Three  Years'  Residence  in  Washing  ton 
Territory.  By  Jaines  G.  Swan.  12mo.  New  York :  Harpers,  1857. 

"  A  vocabulary  of  the  Chehalis  and  Chcnook  or  Jargon  Languages, 
with  the  derivation  of  the  words  used  in  the  latter,"  pp.  412-422. 

A  Complete  Dictionary  of  the  Chinook  Jargon.  English — Chinook, 
and  Chinook — English.  To  which  is  added  numerous  conversations, 
&c.  3d  edition.  24mo,  pp.  24.  Portland,  Oregon  :  published  by  S. 
J.  McCormick. 

Several  editions  of  this  work  have  been  published ;  the  last  which 
I  have  seen,  in  1862. 

Guide-Book  to  the  Gold  Regions  of  Frazer  River.     With  a  map  of 
the  different  routes,  &c.     24mo,  pp.  55.     New  York,  1858. 
A  vocabulary  of  the  Jargon,  pp.  45-55. 

The  Chinook  Jargon  and  English  and  French  Equivalent  Forms. 
In  "Steamer  Bulletin,"  San  Francisco,  June  21,  1858. 

Contains  an  unarranged  vocabulary  of  354  words  and  phrases. 

The  Canoe  and  the  Saddle.  By  Theodore  Winthrop.  12mo. 
Boston  :  Ticknor  &  Fields.  1863. 

"  A  partial  vocabulary  of  the  Chinook  Jargon,"  pp.  299-302. 

History  of  the  Oregon  Territory,  t&c.  By  John  Dunn.  2d  edition. 
London,  1846. 

"  A  few  specimens  of  the  language  of  the  Millbank  and  Chinook 
tribes."  Chinook  tribe :  50  words  and  phrases,  including  digits. 
These  words,  as  usual,  are  in  great  part  "  Jargon,"  and  belong  to  the 
Nootkan,  not  to  the  Chinook. 

Besides  the  above,  one,  of  which  I  have  not  the  title  before  me,  has 
been  published  by  Mr.  A.  C.  Anderson,  and  several  in  the  newspapers 
of  Oregon  and  Washington  Territory. 


FART   I. 

CHINOOK-ENGLISH 


NOTE. — The  references,  "Hale,"  "Cook,"  "Jewitt,"  are  respectively  to 
Bale's  "  Ethnology  of  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition,"  "  Cook's  Voy 
ages,"  and  " Jewitt's  Narrative.'*  The  others,  as  "Anderson,"  "Pandosy," 
"  Shaw,"  "  Tolmie,"  are  from  manuscriot  notes  of  those  gentlemen  in  posses 
sion  of  the  writer. 


A     DICTIONARY 


CHINOOK   JARGON. 


PART  I.  CHINOOK— ENGLISH. 


A. 

Ah-ha,  adv.  Common  to  various  tribes.  Yes.  Expression  of 
simple  assent.  On  Puget  Sound,  E-EH. 

Ah'n-kut-te,  or  Ahn-kot-tie,  adv.  Chinook,  ANKUTTT.  For 
merly;  before  now.  With  the  accent  prolonged  on  the  first  syl 
lable,  a  long  time  ago.  Ex.  Ahnkutte  lakit  sun,  four  days  ago  • 
Tenas  ahnkutte,  a  little  while  since. 

Al-ah,  interj.  Expression  of  surprise.  Ex.  Alah  inika  chahko ! 
ah,  yoiCve  come! 

Al-kie,  adv.  Chinook,  ALKEKH.  Presently;  in  a  little  while; 
hold  on  ;  not  so  fast. 

Al'-ta,  adv.     Chinook,  ALTAKH.     Now ;  at  the  present  time. 

A-mo'-te,  n.    Chinook,  AMCTE  ;  Clatsop,  KXABOTE.    The  strawberry. 

An-ah,  interj.  An  exclamation  denoting  pain,  displeasure,  or  de 
preciation.  Ex.  Anah  nawitka  mika  halo  shem,  ah,  indeed  you 
are  without  shame.  On  Puget  Sound,  Ad-de-dah. 

Ats,  n.  Chinook,  idem ;  Yakama,  ATSE  (Pandosy).  A  sister 
younger  than  the  speaker.  In  the  original,  only  when  used  by  her 
brother. 

A-yah-whul,  v.     Chihalis,  AYAHWUL.     To  lend;  borrow. 

Ay-keh-nam.     See  EH-KAH-NAM. 

B. 

Be-be,  n.,  v.     French.     A  word  used  towards  children  ;  probably  a 

repetition  of  the  first  syllable  of  BAISKR.     A  kiss;  to  kiss. 
Bed,  n.     English,  idem.     A  bed. 
Bit,  or  Mit,  n.     English,  BIT.     A  dime  or  shilling. 
Bloom,  n.     English,  BROOM.     A  broom.     Mamook  bloom,  to  sweep. 


2  DICTIONARY   OF  THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 

Boat,  n.     English,  idem.     A  boat,  as  distinguished  from  a  canoe. 

Bos -ton,  n.,  adj.  An  American;  American.  A  name  derived 
from  the  hailing-place  of  the  first  trading-ships  to  the  Pacific. 
Boston  illahie,  the  United  States. 

Bur-dash,  n.  Can.  French,  BERDACHE  (Anderson).  An  hermaph 
rodite.  The  reputation  of  hermaphroditism  is  not  uncommon 
with  Indians,  and  seems  to  attach  to  every  malformation  of  the 
organs  of  generation.  The  word  is  of  very  limited  use. 

C. 

Cal'-li-peen,  n.    French,  CARABINE.     A  rifle. 

Ca-nim,  n.     Chinook,  EKANIM.    A  canoe.    Canim  stick,  the  cedar, 

or  wood  from  which  canoes  are  usually  made. 
Ca-po',  n.     French,  CAPOT.     A  coat. 
Chah'-ko,   v.      Nootka,  Clayoquot,  CHAKO;   Tokwaht,  TCHOKWA. 

To  come ;   to  become.     Ex.  Kansih  mika  chahko  ?   when  did  you 

come  ?     Chahko  kloshe,  to  get  well. 
Chak  chak,  n.     Chinook,  idem.     The  bald  eagle  (by  onoma.),  from 

its  scream.     Of  only  local  use  on  the  lower  Columbia. 
Chee,  adv.,  adj.     Chinook,  TSHI.     Lately;  just  now;  new.     Chee 

nika  ko,  I  have  just  arrived.     Hyas  chee,  entirely  new. 
Chet'-lo,  or  Jet'-lo,  n.     Chihalis,  CHETLOKH.     An  oyster.     Used 

on  the  lower  Columbia. 
Chet-WOOt,  n.     Nisqually,  idem.     A  black  bear.     Used  only  on 

Puget  Sound. 
Chik -a-min,  n.,  adj.    Tokwaht,  TSIKAMEN;  Nootka,  SICKAMIXXY 

(Jewitt);   SEEKEMAILE  (Cook).     Iron;  metal;  metallic.     T'kope 

chikamin,  silver;    pil  chikamin,  gold  or  copper.     Chikamin  lope, 

wire ;  a  chain. 

Chik  chik.     See  TSIK-TSIK. 
Chil-chil.     See  TSIL-TSIL. 

Chitsh,  n.     Chihalis,  TSHITSH.     A  grandmother. 
Chope,  «.     Chihalis,  TSHUP.     A  grandfather. 
Cho'-tub,  «.     Nisqually,  idem.     A  flea.     Used  on  Puget  Sound. 
Chuck,  n.     Nootka,  CHAUK  (Cook)  ;  CHAHAK,  fresh  water  (Jewitt) ; 

Chinook,  TLTSUK  (Shortess)  ;  Clatsop,  TL'CHUKW.     Water ;  a  rinr 

or  stream.     Salt  chuck,  the  sea;  skookum  chuck,  a  rapid;  solleks 

chuck,  a  rough  sea;  chuck  chahko  or  kalipi,  the  tide  rises  or  fulls ; 

saghilli  and  keekwillie  chuck,  high  and  low  tide. 
Chuk  kin.  n.,  v.     Chihalis,  TSUKAEN.     To  kick.     Of  local  use  only. 


PART   I.     CHINOOK — ENGLISH.  3 

Close.     See  KLOSE. 

Oly,  v.     English.     To  cry. 

Cole,  adj.  English,  COLD.  Cole  illahie,  winter;  icht  cole,  a  year  ; 
cole  sick  waum  sick,  the  fever  and  ague. 

Comb,  >i.  English.  A  comb.  Mamook  comb,  to  coinb;  inamook 
comb  illahie,  to  harroio. 

Coo'-ley,  v.  French,  COUREZ,  imp.  of  COURIR.  To  run.  Cooley 
kiuatan,  a  race-horse;  yahka  hyas  kumtuks  cooley,  he  can,  i.e., 
knows  how  to  run  well. 

Coop '-coop,  n.  Chinook,  idem.  The  smaller  sized  dentalium  or 
sliell  money.  See  HYKWA. 

Co'-sho,  n.  French,  COCHON.  A  hog ;  pork.  Siwash  cosho,  a  seal; 
literally,  Indian  pig. 

Cul'-tus,  adj.  Chinook,  KALTAS.  Worthless;  good  for  nothing; 
without  purpose.  Ex.  Cultus  man,  a  worthless  fellow;  cultus  pot- 
latch,  a  present  or  free  gift;  cultus  heehee,  a  jest ;  merely  laugh 
ing;  cultus  nannitsh,  to  look  around ;  cultus  mitlite,  to  sit  idle; 
to  do  nothing;  cultus  klatawa,  to  stroll.  Ques.  What  do  you 
want  ?  Ans.  Cultus,  i.  e.,  nothing. 

D. 

De  late,  or  De-lett,  adj.,  adv.   French,  DROITE.    Straight ;  direct ; 

without   equivocation.     Ex.   Klatawa   delett,  go  straight;    delett 

wauwau,  tell  the  truth. 
Di-aub,  or  Yaub,  n.     French,  DIABLE.     The  devil.     Sometimes 

used  combined  with  the  article,  as  LEJAUB. 
D'ly,  or  De-ly,  adj.     English,  DRY.     Chahko  dely,  to  become  dry; 

mamook  dely,  to  dry,  v.  a. 
Doc'-tin,  n.     English.     A  doctor. 
Dor  la.  or  Tah-la,  n.     English.     A  dollar;   money.     Chikamin 

dolla,  silver;  pil  dolla,  gold;  dolla  siaghost,  spectacles. 

E. 

Eh-kah  nam,  n.  Chinook,  EKANAM.  A  tale  or  story.  Used  only 
on  the  Columbia  river.  Often  erroneously  pronounced  Ay-keh-nam. 

Eh  ko  li,  ».     Chinook,  EKOLI.     A  whale. 

Ee'-na,  n.  Chinook,  IINA.  A  beaver.  Eena  stick  (literally,  beaver 
wood],  the  willow. 


4  DICTIONARY    OF    THE    CHINOOK   JARGON. 

Ee'-na-poo,  or  In-a-poo,  ».  Chinook,  INAPU.  A  louse.  Sopen 
inapoo,  a  flea. 

Ek'-keh,  n.     Chinook,  EKKE.     A  brother-in-law. 

E'-la-han,  or  Elann,  «.  Chihalis,  YELAAN.  Aid;  assistance; 
alms.  Mamook  elann,  to  help. 

E'-lip,  or  El'-ip,  adv.  Chihalis,  ILIP.  First;  before.  The  super 
lative.  Klatawa  clip,  go  before ;  elip  lolo  chuck,  in  the  first  place 
carry  water;  elip  kloshe,  best;  elip  tilikuin,  n.  (literally,  the  first 
people),  a  race  of  beings  who  inhabited  the  world  before  the  Indians. 

E-li'-te,  n.     Chinook,  ILAITEKH.     A  slave. 

E  salt'h,  or  Ye-salt'h,  ».  Probably  Wasco.  Indian  corn  or 
maize. 

G. 

Get-up,  or  Ket-op,  v.    English.     To  get  up  ;  rise. 
Glease,  n.     English,  GREASE.     Fat,  grease,  or  oil.     Hyeu  glease, 
very  fat ;  too-toosh  glease,  butter.     See,  also,  LAKLES. 


H. 

Hah  lakl,  adj.  Chinook,  HALAKL.  Wide;  open.  Ex.  Mamook 
hahlakl  la  pote,  open  the  door;  chahko  hahlakl  (as  of  the  woods), 
to  open  out;  become  less  dense. 

Haht-haht.  «.     Nisqually,  HATHAT.     The  mallard  duck. 

Hak-at-shum,  n.    English.     A  handkerchief. 

Ha'-lo,  adj.  Quaere  u.  d.  not  Chinook.  None;  absent.  Q.  Halo 
salmon  mika  ?  have  you  no  fish  ?  A.  Halo,  none.  Q.  Kah  mika 
papa  1  where  is  your  father  ?  A.  Halo,  he  is  out.  Halo  wind, 
breathless;  dead;  halo  glease,  lean ;  halo  ikta,  poor;  destitute. 

Haul,  v.  English,  idem.  To  haul  or  pull.  Used  with  the  active 
verb  mamook;  as,  mamook  haul. 

Hee'-hee,  n.  By  onoma.,  Him  (Hale).  Laughter,  amusement. 
Cultus  heehee,  fun ;  mamook  heehee,  to  amuse ;  heehee  honse, 
any  place  of  amusement,  as  a  tavern,  bowling-alley,  <fec. 

Hoh  hoh,  n.,  v.     Chinook  (by  onoma.),  HOKHHOKH.     To  couyh. 

H6-ku  melh,  v.  Chihalis,  idem.  To  gather ;  to  glean,  as  grain. 
Of  local  use. 

Hool-hool,  n.  Chinook,  KUOLKHOL;  Klikatat.  KHOILKHOIL.  A 
mouse.  Hyas  hoolhool,  a  rat. 


PART    I.     CHINOOK ENGLISH.  D 

House,  «.  English.  A  house.  Mahkook  house,  a  store ;  Boston 
house,  an  American-built  house,  as  distinguished  from  a  lodge. 

Howh,  interj.     HAUKH.     Turn  to;  hurry. 

How'-kwutl,  adv.  Chinook,  HAUKATLH.  An  expression  of  in 
ability.  Ex.  Howkwutl  nika  klatawa  ?  ho  10  could  I  go  ? 

Hul-lel',  v.  n.  Chinook,  idem.  To  sliake.  Used  with  the  verb 
inamook,  as,  mauiook  hullel,  it  becomes  active. 

Hul-6-i-ma,  n.,  adj.  Chinook,  S'HULLOYIBA.  Other ;  another ; 
different.  Ex.  Huloima  tilikum,  a  different  tribe  or  people ;  hyas 
huloima,  very  different. 

Humm.  n.,  v.  Jargon.  A  stink  or  smell ;  to  stink.  An  invented 
word.  Humm  opootsh,  a  skunk. 

Hunl'-kih,  adj.  Chinook,  HUNLKEKH.  Curled  or  curly ;  knotted; 
crooked. 

Huy-huy,  n.,  v.  Canadian  French,  HUI-HUI.  A  bargain  or  ex 
change;  to  barter  or  trade.  Ex.  Huyhuy  la  sille,  change  the  saddle  ; 
luiyhuy  turn  turn,  to  change  one's  mind.  Mr.  Anderson  says  this  is 
a  cant  word  of  the  Canadians,  signifying  a  hasty  exchange.  Its 
origin  has  been  suggested  in  oui  oui,  yes  yes. 

Hwah.  or  Hwah-wa,  interj.  Denotes  surprise  or  admiration ;  also 
earnestness. 

Hy'-ak,  adv.,  also  used  as  imperative.  Chinook,  AI-AK.  Swift; 
fast;  quickly;  hurry;  make  haste. 

Hy-as',  adj.,  adv.  Probably  corrupted  from  the  following.  Large  ; 
great;  very.  The  general  term  for  size.  Hyas  tyee,  a  great  chief; 
hyas  rnahcook,  a  great  price;  dear;  hyas  ahnkutte,  a  long  time 
ago ;  hyas  kloshe,  very  good. 

Hy-iu, «.,«(//.  Nootka,  IYAHISH  (Jewitt);  Tokwaht,  AIYA.  Jewitt 
also  gives  HYO  as  the  name  for  ten.  Much;  many;  plenty; 
enough.  Term  of  quantity  or  multitude.  Hyiu  tilikum,  a  crowd ; 
many  people;  hyiu  muckamuck,  plenty  to  eat;  tenas  hyiu,  some ; 
a  few  ;  wake  hyiu,  not  many  or  not  much. 

Hy'-kwa,  or  Hy'-a-kwa,  n.  Nootka,  HAIHWA  (i-whaw,  Jewitt). 
The  dentalium  ;  the  shell  money  or  wampum  of  the  Pacific  coast. 
It  is  used  in  strings  of  a  fathom  long;  shells  of  not  more  than  forty 
to  the  fathom  being  of  full  size,  and  the  value  increasing  in  propor 
tion  to  their  length.  The  smaller  sizes  are  called  coop-coop  (q.  v.). 
These  shells  were  formerly  obtained  by  the  Indians  of  the  Avest 
coast  of  Vancouver  Island,  and  passed  in  barter  as  low  down  as 
California,  and  eastward  to  the  Blackfoot  country. 


DICTIONARY    OF   THE    CHINOOK   JARGON. 


I. 

Ik'-kik,  n.     Chinook,  IKKIK.     Ajish-hook. 

Ik-poo'-ie,  v.     Chinook,  IKHPUI.     To  shut.     Ikpooie  la  pote,  shut 

the  door  ;  inamook  ikpooie,  to  surround;  ikpooie  kwillan,  deaf. 
Ikt,  or  Icht,  adj.     Chinook,  IKHT.      One ;  once.     Used  also  as  the 

indefinite  article.     Ikt  man,  a  man;  ikt-ikt  man,  some  one  or  other; 

here  and  there  one  ;  ikt  nika  klatawa  kopa  yakka  house,  /  have  been 

once  to  his  house. 
Ik -tah,  pron.     Chinook,  IKTA.     What.     Iktah  okook,  what  is  that  ? 

iktah  mika  tikegh,  what  do  you  want  ?  iktah,  well,  what  now  '* 
Ik -tah.,  n.     From  the  foregoing.     A  thing;   goods;   merchandise; 

clothing.     Hyiu  tenas  iktah,  a  great  many  trifles.     The  use  of  the 

same  word  for  what  and  for  things,  has  been  noticed  in  some  other 

languages  of  this  coast. 
II  -la-hie,  ».     Chinook,  ILAHEKH.      Tlie  ground;    the  earth;   dirt. 

Tipso  illahie,  prairie;  saghallie  illahie,  mountains,  or  high  land; 

heaven ;  hyiu  illahie  kopa,  dirty  (literally,  much  dirt  upon). 
In'-a-ti,  or  Een-a-ti,  prep.,  adv.    Chinook,  INATAI.    Across;  oppo 
site  to ;  on  the  other  side  of.     Inati  chuck,  on  the  other  side  of  the 

river;  klatawa  inati,  to  cross  over. 
Ip'-SOOt,  v.  a.,  v.  n.     Chinook,  ALHUPSO.     To  hide  one's  self,  or  any 

thing ;  to  keep  secret.     Ipsoot  klatawa,  to  steal  off;  ipsoot  wau-wau, 

to  whisper. 

Is'-ick,  n.     Chinook,  ISIK.     A  paddle.     Mamook  isick,  to  paddle. 
Is  ick  stick,  n.     Chinook  and  English.     The  ash.     Literally,  pad 
dle-wood. 
Is'-kum,  v.     Chinook,  idem.     To  take ;    take  hold  of;   hold;   get. 

Iskum  okook  lope,  hold  on  to  that  rope;  mika  na  iskum?  did  you 

get  it  ? 
It  Ian,  or  It'h-lan,  n.     Chinook,  ITIILANA.     A  fathom  ;  the  length 

of  the  extended  arms. 
It  lo-kum,  n.    Chinook,  idem ;  Chihalis,  SETLOKUM.     The  yame  of 

" hand" — a  common  amusement.     Mamook  itlokum,  to  gamble. 
Itl'-wil-lie,  n.     Chinook,  ETLWILI.    The  flesh;  meat  of  any  animal. 

Konaway  nika  ithvillie  sick,  all  my  flesh  is  sore. 
Its'-WOOt,  or  Its'-hoot,  n.     Chinook,  EITSHHUT.     A  black  bear. 

Itshoot  paseesie,  thick  dark  cloth  or  blankets. 


PART   I.     CHINOOK — ENGLISH. 


K. 

Kah,  adv.     Chinook,  KAKH.     Where;  whither;  whence.     Kah  mika 

mitlite?   where  do  you  live?   konaway  kah,  everywhere;   kah-kali, 

here  and  there. 
Kah'-kah,  n.     Chinook  and  Nisqually   (by  onoma.),  SKAKA.     A 

crow. 
Kahkwa,  adv.      Nootka;  Tokwaht,  ACHKO.     Like;  similar  to; 

equal  with ;  as.     Kahkwa  nika  tumtum,  so  I  think  (literally,  such 

[is]  my  heart] ;  kahkwa  hyas  nika,  as  large  as  I;  kahkwa  spose, 

as  if;  kloshe  kahkwa,  that  is  right;  good  so. 
Kah'-na-way,  n.    Chinook,  T'KANAW^.    Acorns.    Kahnaway  stick, 

the  oak.     Used  only  on  the  Columbia  river. 

Kahp-ho.  in.     Chinook,  idem.     An  elder  brother,  sister,  or  cousin. 
Kah-ta,  adv.  '  Chinook,  KATA.     How;  why.     Kahta  mika  mamook 

okook?  why  do  you  do  that?  kahta  mika  chahko?  how  did  you 

come?  kahta  mika?  what  is  the  matter  with  you?  pe  kahta?  and 

why  so  ? 
Kal-ak-a-lah  ma,  n.     Chinook,  OKALAKALAMA.     A  goose.     Used 

on  the  lower  Columbia  river. 
Kal-a-kwah-tie,  n.     Chinook,  KALAKWATI  ;  Clatsop,  KL'WHELATL. 

The  inner  bark  of  the  cedar  (thuja)  ;  the  petticoat,  or  skirt,  formerly 

worn  by  women,  and  often  made  of  strands  of  bark.     Kalakwahtie 

stick,  the  cedar-tree. 
Ka-li'-tan,  n.     Chinook,  TKLAITAN.     An  arrow;    shot;   a  bullet. 

Kalitan  le  sac,  a  quiver  ;  a  shot-pouch. 
Kal-lak'-a-la,  or  Kul-luk'-ul-la,  n.     Chinook,  KALAKALA.     A 

bird. 
Kam-ass,  or  La-karri  ass,  n.    Nootka.     The  Scilla  esculcnta, — a 

bulbous  root  used  for  food  by  the  Indians.    Jewitt  gives  CHAMASS 

as  the  Nootka  for  fruit,  also  for  sweet,  or  pleasant  to  the  taste. 
Kam-ooks,  n.     Chinook,  KLKABOKKS.     A  dog.     Kahkwa  kamooks, 

like  a  dog  ;  beastly. 
Ka-mo'-suk,  n.      Chinook,  idem.      Beads.     Tyee  kamosuk  (chiei 

beads),  the  large  blue  glass  beads. 
Kap-su-al-la.     Quaere  u.  d.     To  steal.     Kapsualla  klatawa,  to  steal 

away  ;  kapsualla  mamook,  to  do  secretly. 
Kat-suk,  or  K6t-Sllk,  n.     Chinook,  idem.      The  middle  or  centre 

of  any*  thing. 
Kau'-py,  n.     English.     Coffee. 


DICTIONARY    OF   THE   CHINOOK   JAKGON. 

Ka-wak,  v.     Chihalis,  KAUAK.     To  fly.     Not  in  general  use. 

Kaw-ka-wak,  adj.     Chinook,  KAKAWAK.      Yellow,  or  pale  green. 

Kee-kwil-lie,  prep.  Chinook,  KIK'HWILI.  Low;  below ;  under ; 
leneath;  down.  Mamook  keekwillic,  to  lower;  mitlite  keekwillie, 
to  set  down;  put  under.  Not  used  in  the  sense  of  "down  stream." 

Keep '-wot,  n.  Chinook,  OKWEPOWA  ;  Yakama,  KAPUS,  a  pin  (Pan- 
dosy).  A  needle  ;  the  sting  of  an  insect ;  a  thorn.  Shoes  keepwot, 
an  awl. 

Keh'-loke,  n.     Chinook,  idem.     A  swan.     Of  local  use  only. 

Keh'-see,  or  Ki'-SU,  n.     Chinook,  EKESO.     An  apron. 

Keh-wa,  adv.     Quaere  u.  d.     Because.     Not  in  common  use. 

Kel'-a-pi,  or  Ka-la-pi,  v.  Chinook,  KELAPAI.  To  turn;  return; 
overturn;  upset.  Kelapi  canim,  to  upset  a  canoe;  hyak  kelapi, 
come  back  quickly ;  kelapi  kopa  house,  go  back  to  the  house  ;  ma- 
mook  kelapi,  to  bring,  send,  or  carry  back;  kelapi  tumtum,  to 
change  one's  mind. 

Kes'-chi,  or  Keh-tsie.  Chinook,  KUKHTSI  (Anderson).  Notwith 
standing;  although.  Keschi  yakka  mamook  kahkwa,  although  he 
did  so.  Not  in  common  use. 

Ket  '-ling,  or  Kit  '-ling,  n.     English.     A  kettle;  can;  basin,  <fec. 

Kil-it'-sut,  n.     Chinook,  OKWILIKTSHUT.     Flint;  a  bottle;  glass. 

Kim'-ta,  or  Kim-tah',  prep.  Chinook,  KIMTA.  Behind;  after ; 
afterwards;  last;  since.  Klatawa  kimtah,  go  behind;  nika  elip,  pe 
yakka  kimtah,  /  first,  and  he  afterwards;  okook  kimtah,  the  one 
behind;  kimtah  nika  nannitsh  mika,  since  I  saw  you. 

King  Chautsh,  adj.  English,  KING  GEORGE.  English.  King 
chautshman,  an  Englishman. 

Ki'-nootl,  or  Ki  -noos,  n.    Chinook,  EKAINUTL.     Tobacco. 

Kish-kLsh,  v.    Chinook,  idem.     To  drive,  as  cattle  or  horses. 

Kiu'-a-tan,  n.  Chinook,  IKIUATAN.  Cooley  kiuatan,  a  race-horse ; 
stone  kiuatan,  a  stallion. 

Ki'-wa,  o.dj.    Wasco,  KAIWA  (Shaw).     Crooked.     Of  only  local  use. 

Ki'-yah,  n.     Chihalis,  KAIYAKH.     Entrails. 

Klah,  adj.  Chinook,  KLAKH.  Free  or  clear  from ;  in  sight.  Ex. 
Chee  yakka  klah,  now  he  is  in  sight ;  klatawa  klah,  to  escape,  as  a 
prisoner;  chahko  klah  (of  seed),  to  come  up;  (of  the  woods),  to 
open  out;  (of  the  weather),  to  clear  up;  mamook  klah,  to  uncover. 
Mr.  Anderson  gives  as  the  original  meaning,  to  open  out  or  appear. 

Klah  hanie  ,  or  Klagh-anie',  adv.  Chinook,  KLAKHANI.  Out  oj 
doors;  out;  without.  Ex.  Mamook  klaghanie  okook,  put  that 
out;  klatawa  klaghanie,  to  go  out* 


PART   I.     CHINOOK KNGUSfT.  9 

Kla'-how-ya.     The   ordinary  salutation   at   meeting   or  parting. 

How  do  you  do?  good-bye;  as,  klahowya  sikhs,  good-bye,  friend. 
Kla-hoW-yum,  adj.,  n.     Chinook,  KI.AHAUIA.     Poor ;   miserable; 

wretched ;    compassion.      Ex.    Hyas  klahowyum   nika,  /  am  very 

poor;   mamook  klaliowyum,  to  take  pity  on;  give  alms;  be  gen 
erous.  % 

The  salutation  above  given  probably  originated  in  some  whining 

reply  to  the  first  whites,  and  a  distinction  has  since  arisen  between 

the  two  modes  of  spelling,  which  is,  however,  purely  arbitrary. 
Klah-wa,  adv.      Chinook,  KLAWAKH.      Slow;   slowly.     Ex.  Kla- 

tawa  klahwa,  go  slowly. 
Klak,  adv.     Chinook,  KLAKW.     [To  take]  off.     Ex.  Mamook  klak 

stone  kiuatan,  to  castrate  a  horse ;  mamook  klak  1'assiette,  take  off 

the  plates ;  klak  kopa  wayhut,  get  out  of  the  road. 
Klak-sta,  or  Kluk'-sta,  pron.    Chinook,  TKLUKSTA.     Ex.  Klak- 

sta  mamook  okook  ?  who  made  or  did  that  ?  halo  klaksta,  no  one. 
Klak-wun,  or  Kleh  kwan,  v.    Chihalis,  KLAKWUN.     To  wipe,  or 

lick.     Klakwun  1'assiette,  to  wipe  a  plate. 
Klale,  or  Tklale,  adj.     Chinook,  TLEHL.     Black,  or  dark  blue,  or 

green. 
Klap,  v.      Chinook,  KLAP.      To  find.      Ex.    Mika  na  klap  mika 

kiuatan  ?  did  you  find  your  horse.  ?  klap  tenas,  to  be  with  child. 
Kla'-pite,  n.     Chinook,  KLIPAIT.     Thread  ;  twine. 
Klas-ka,  or  Klus'-ka,  pron.     Chinook,  KLUSKA.     They ;    thine; 

them. 
Klat'-a-wa,  ?'.      Nootka,  KLATTURWAH  (Jewitt);    Nittinat,  KLAT- 

OUKH.     To  go.     Klatawa  tea h wit,  to  walk;  go  on  foot ;  klatawa 

kopa  kiuatan,  to  ride;  klatawa  kopa  boat,  to  sail;  mamook  klatawa, 

to  send. 
Kla-whap,  n.     Chinook,  KI.HUAP.     A  hole.     Mamook  klawhap,  to 

dig  a  hole. 
Klem'-a-hun,  v.     Chihalis,  idem.     To  stab;   to  wound;   to  dart; 

to  cast  as  a  spear;    to  hook  or  aoi-e  as  an  ox.     Nika  klemahnn 

samun,  /  spear  salmon. 
Klihl,  or  Klilt,  adj.     Chinook,  KMHI,.     Bitter.     Not  of  universal 

use.     Mr.  Hale  makes  it  KLITL,  sour. 
Klik'-a-muks,  n.      Chinook,  KLIKABCKS.      Blackberries,  or  more 

properly  dewberries. 
Klik'-wal-lie,  or  Kloke'-Wal-lie.     Chinook,  KLIKWALT.     Brass 

wire;  an  armlet  or  bracelet  of  brass  wire.     Mr.  Anderson  gives  the 

original  meaning  as  simply  brass. 


10  DICTIONARY   OF   THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 

'» 

Klim-in'-a-whit,  «.,  v.     Chinook,  KLTMINAWHUT.     A  lie;   to  lit. 

Ilyas  kumtuks  kliininawhit,  he  is  a  great  liar  (literally,  he  knows 

well  how  to  lie). 
Klim -min,   or   Klimmin-TrHmmin,   adj.     Chinook,   TKLEMIN- 

TKLEMIN.     Soft;  fine  in  substance.     The  reduplication  denotes  the 

diminutive,  but  in  jargon  it  is  generally  used  singly.     Ex.  Klimmin 

sapoleel,  flour;  klimmin  illahie,  mud;  marshy  ground;  mamook 

klimmin,  to  soften  as  by  dressing  a  skin. 
Klip,  adj.     Chinook,  KELIPE  ;  Chihalis,  KLUPUTL  ;  Nisqually,  KLEP. 

Deep;  sunken.     Klip  chuck,  deep  water;  klip  sun,  sunset. 
Klis'-kwiss,  n.    Chinook,  idem.     A  mat. 
Klogh-klogh,  n.     Chinook,  OKLOKHKLO.     Oysters.     The  word  is 

common  to  the  Puget  Sound  tribes,  as  well  as  to  the  Chinooks. 
Klo-nass,  adv.    Chinook,  idem.    Expression  of  uncertainty  or  doubt. 

Perhaps;  I  don't  know;  maybe  so;  icho  knows?     Equivalent  to 

the  Spanish  quien  sale.     Ex.  Klonass  nika  klatawa,  perhaps  I  shall 

go.     Q.  Kah  mika  kahpho?  where  is  your  brother  ?     A.  Klonass, 

/  don't  know. 

Kloue,  adj.     Chinook,  TKLON.     Three. 

Klook,  adj.    English.    Crooked.    Klook  teahwit,  broken  legged;  lame. 
Klootch-man,  n.     Nootka  and  Tokwaht,  KLUTSMA.     A  woman ;  a 

female  of  any  animal.     Tenas  klootshman,  a  girl ;  klootchman  kiu- 

atan,  a  mare. 
Klose,  or  Kloshe,  adj.,  adv.     Nootka ;  Tokwaht,  KLOHTL  ;  Makah, 

KLOTKLO;   Nisqually,  KLOB.     Good;  well;  well  enough.      Kloshe 

nannitsh,  look  out;  take  care ;  hyas  kloshe,  very  well. 
Klose-spose.     Nootka,  KLOHTL  ;  English,  SUPPOSE.     Shall  or  may 

I ;  let  me.     Ex.  Klose-spose  nika  mamook  pia  okook  ?  shall  I  cook 

that  ?  (literally,  [is  it]  good  that  I  make  cook  that  ?). 
Klugh,  or  Klugh-klugh.     Chinook,  KLUKH.     To  tear.     Mamook 

klugh  illahie,  to  plough  (literally,  to  tear  the  ground). 
Kluk-ulh ,   or  Klak  alh',   adj.     Chihalis,   TLUKUTLH.     Broad   or 

wide,  as  of  a  plank. 
Ko,  v.     Chinook,  idem.     To  reach;  arrive  at.     Chee  klaska  ko,  they 

have  just  come;  kansih  nesika  ko  kopa  Nisqually?  when  shall  we 

reach  Nisqualhi. 

Ko'-ko,  v.     Chinook  (by  onoma.).     To  knock.     Koko  stick,  a  wood 
pecker. 
Kok'-shut,  ?'.     Nootka,  KAKHSHETL  ;  Klaokwat,  KWACHITL.     In  the 

original,  dead.      To  break ;  broken  ;  to  beat.     Hyas  kokshut,  broken 

to  pieces.  \ 


PART   I.     CHINOOK ENGLISH.  11 

Kon'-a-way,  adj.  Chinook,  KANAW&.  All;  every.  Klaska  kon 
away  klatawa,  they  have  all  gone;  konaway  tilikum,  everybody ; 
konaway  kah,  everyiohere. 

Koo'-sah,  or  K6-sah,  n.  Chinook,  EKOSAKH.  The  sky.  Only 
used  on  the  Columbia. 

Ko'-pa,  adv., prep.  Chinook,  idem.  To;  in;  at;  with;  towards; 
of;  about ;  concerning ;  there  or  in  that  place.  Ex.  Kopa  nika  house, 
at  my  house;  lolo  okook  kopa  mika,  take  that  home  with  you 
(equivalent  to  the  French  chez  vows) ;  cultus  kopa  nika,  it  is  nothing 
to  me.  Q.  Kah  okook  lope!  ichere  is  that  rope?  A.  (motioning 
with  the  chin  towards  the  place)  Kopah. 

Ko-pet',  v.,  adv.  Chinook,  idem.  To  stop;  leave  off;  enough. 
Kopet  wau-wau,  stop  talking ;  kopet  ikt,  only  one ;  kopet  okook, 
that s  all;  wake  siah  kopet,  nearly  finished;  kopet  tomalla,  day 
after  to-morrow. 

Kow,  v.  Chinook,  KAU-KAU.  To  tie;  to  fasten.  Kow  mika  kiua- 
tan,  tie  your  horse;  ikt  kow,  a  bundle. 

Kull,  adj.  Chinook,  K'HUL-K'HUL.  Hard  in  substance;  difficult. 
Chahko  kull,  to  become  hard ;  marnook  kull,  to  harden;  to  cause  to 
become  hard ;  hyas  kull  spose  mamook,  it  is  very  hard  to  do  so; 
kull  stick,  oak  or  any  hard  wood. 

Kul-lagh',  or  Kul-lagh'-an,  n.  Chihalis,  KULLAKH  ;  Lummi,  KUL- 
LUKHAN.  A  fence;  a  corral,  or  inclosure.  Kullagh  stick,  fence 
rails.  In  the  original,  it  meant  the  stockade  with  which  Indian 
houses  are  often  surrounded. 

Kum-tuks,  or  Kame-taks,  v.  Nootka,  KOMMETAK  (Jewitt); 
Tokwaht,  KUMITUKS  ;  Clayoquot,  KEMITAK.  To  know ;  understand ; 
be  acquainted  with;  imagine;  believe.  Mamook  kumtuks,  to  ex 
plain;  teach;  hyas  kumtuks  solleks  (literally,  well  to  understand 
anger),  to  be  passionate  ;  kopet  kumtuks,  to  forget ;  halo  kumtuks, 
stupid;  ivithout  understanding ;  (of  a  horse)  hyas  yakka  kumtuks 
cooley,  he  can  run  fast  (literally,  he  knows  loell  to  run) ;  kumtuks 
kliminawhit,  to  be  a  liar ;  to  understand  lying ;  nika  kumtuks  okook 
tyee,  /  know  that  chief;  nika  kumtuks  Klikatat  wau-wau,  /  under 
stand  the  Klikatat  language. 

Kun'-a-moxt,  adj.  Chinook,  KONAWAY  MOXT.  Both;  together 
(literally,  all  two).  Kunamoxt  kahkwa,  both  alike. 

Kun'-sih,  Kan'-sih,  Kun'-juk,  Kun'-jie,  adv.  Chinook,  Kux- 
sSuKH.  How  many;  ichen;  ever.  Kunsih  tilikum  mitlite?  how 
many  people  are  there  ?  kunsih  mika  klatawa  ?  when  do  you  go  ? 
wake  kunsih,  never;  mamook  kunsih,  to  count. 


12  DICTIONARY    OF   THE   CHINOOK    JARGON. 

• 

Kush  -is,  «.     Chihalis,  KOSHIS.     Stockings.     In   the   original,  any 

clastic  article  of  dress.     Not  in  general  use. 
Kwah'-ne-sum,  adv.     Chinook,  KWANISUM  ;  Yakama,  KWALISIM. 

Always  ;  forever. 

Kwah-nice,  n.    Klikatat,  KWADUIS.     A  whale. 
Kwahta,  ».     English.     The  quarter  of  a  dollar.     The  quarter  of 

any  number  is  usually  expressed  in  Jargon  by  tenas  sitkum,  i.e.,  a 

small  half. 

Kwah'-tin.     See  YAKWAHTIN. 

Kwaist,  or  Kweest,  adj.    Chinook,  KWAITST.    Nine. 
Kwa-lal'-lrwa-lal',  v.     Chinook,  KWULLIL-KWULLIL.     To  gallop. 
Kwal'h,  «.     Chihalis,  KWATLH.     An  aunt. 
Kwann,  adj.     Chinook,  KWAN-KWAN.     Glad.     According  to  Mr. 

Anderson,  it  means  a  custom  or  habit.     It  is  used  .by  some  in  this 

sense  as  tamed  or  broken,  as  of  a  horse  (McCormick).     KWAL  is 

Nisqually  for  tame. 
Kwass,  ».,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     Fear;  afraid;  tame.     Mamook 

kwass,  to  frighten;  to  tame. 

Kwates,  or  Kwehts,  adj.     Chihalis,  KWETS.     Sour. 
Kweh-kweh,  n.     Chinook,  OKWEKWE  (by  onoma.).     A  mallard 

duck.     Used  chiefly  at  mouth  of  the  Columbia. 
Kwek-wi-ens,  n.     Chihalis,  idem.     A  pin.     Of  limited  use. 
Kweo-kweo,  «.     Chinook,  TKWEO-KWEO.     A  ring ;  a  circle. 
Kwetlh.,  adj.     Chihalis,  idem.     (Anderson.)     Proud.     Not  in  gen 
eral  use. 

Kwin'-num,  adj.     Chinook,  KWENKM.    five. 
Kwish,  or  Kweesh,  inter j.     Refusing  any  thing  contemptuously. 

Equivalent  to  " No  you  don't"     Used  on  the  lower  Columbia. 
Kwit  -shad  ie,  n.    Nisqually,  KWUTSHDIE.     The  hare  or  rabbit. 

Confined  to  Puget  Sound. 
Kwo-lann',  or  Kwo-lah'-nie,  n.     Chihalis,  KAVOLAN  ;  Nisqually, 

KWILANI.     The  ear.     Halo  kwolann,  or,"ikpooie  kwolann,  deaf. 
Kwulh,  or  Kwult,  v.     Chinook,  KWULT'H.     To  hit;   to  wound 

loith  an  arrow  or  gun ;    to  strike  with  a  stick  or  stone;   or  in  any 

manner  without  cutting  ;  to  hit. 
Kwun'-min,  n.    Chihalis,  idem.    A  count ;  numbers.    Ex.  Mamook 

kwunnun,  to  count.     Of  merely  local  use. 
Kwutl,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     Literally,  fast.     To  push  or  squeeze, 

as  in  packing  ;  hyas  maraook  kwutl,  haul  tight. 


PART   I.    CHINOOK — ENGLISH.  13 


L. 

La-bleed',  n.     French,  LA  BKIUE.     A  bridle. 

La-boos',  n.     French,  LA  BOUCHE.     The  mouth;  mouth  of  a  river 

Moxt  laboos,  the  forks  of  a  liver. 
La-boo-ti',  n.     French,  LA  BOUTEILLE.     A  bottle. 
La-ca-lat',  n.     French,  LA  GAROTTE.     A  carrot. 
La-ca-set',  n.     French,  LA  CASETTE.     A  box,  trunk,  or  chest. 
La-clo-a,  n.     French,  LA  CROIX.    A  cross. 
Lagh,  v.     Chinook,  LAKH.     To  lean;  to  tip,  us  a,  boat;  to  stoop ;  tc 

bend  over,  as  a  tree.    Wake  mika  lagh  kopa  okook  house,  don't  lean 

uf/ainst  that  house. 
La-gome,  ».     French,  LA  GOMME.     Pitch;  glue.     La  gome  stick, 

Ugh  t-wood  ;  the  pitch-pine. 

La-gwin',  or  La-kween',  n.    Quaere  u.  d.     A  saw. 
La-hal.     See  SLAHAL. 
Lahb,  n.     French,  L'HERBE.     The  arbutus  uva  ursi,  the  leaves  of 

which  are  used  in  smoking,  alone  or  mixed  with  tobacco. 
La-hash,  n.     French,  LA  HACHE.     An  axe  or  hatchet. 
La-kam-mas'.     See  KAMASS. 
Lak'-it,   or  Lok'-it,  adj.      Chinook,   LAKT.      four;  four  times. 

Lakit  taht-lelum,  forty. 

La'-kles,  n.     French,  LA  GRAISSE.     Fat;  oil.     See,  also,  GLEASE. 
La-lah,  v.    Chinook,  LAKHWHOLA.    To  cheat ;  fool ;  to  practise  jokes. 

Mamook  lalah,  to  make  fun. 
La-lahm',  or  La-lum',  n.     French,  LA  RAME.     An  oar.     Mamook 

lalahm,  to  row. 

La-laug,  n.     French,  LA  LANGUE.     The  tongue;  a  language. 
La-leem',  «.     French,  LA  LIME.     A  file. 
La-messe',  n.     French,  idem.     The  ceremony  of  the  mass. 
La-mes-tin,  or  La-mo-tchin,  n.    French,  LA  MEDECINE.    Mede- 

due,  not  including  magic. 
Lam'-mi-eh,  or  Lam-mi-i,  n.     French,  LA  VIEILLE.     An  old 

woman. 

La  mon-ti,  or  La-mo-ti,  n.    French,  LA  MONTAGNE.    A  mountain. 
La-peep',  n.    French,  LA  PIPE.    A  tobacco-pipe.     Lapeep  kullakala 

(literally,  the  "pipe-bird"),  the  band-tailed  eagle,  as  its  feathers 

were  used  to  ornament  the  pipe  stems. 
La-pehsh,  «.    French,  LA  PERCHE.     A  pole ;  the  setting-pole  of  a 

boat  or  canoe. 


14  DICTIONARY    OF   THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 

La -pel-lab.  *'.  Quaere  if  from  the  French,  LE  FOYER.  Mamook 
lapellah,  (u  roast  before  the  fire. 

La-pelle',  n.     French,  LA  PELLE.     A  shovel  or  spade. 

La-pe  osh',  n.    French,  LA  PIOCHE.     A  mattock;  a  hoe. 

La  piege,  n.  French,  LA  PIECE.  A  trap.  Eena  la  piege,  a 
beaver-trap. 

La-plash,  n.     French,  LA  BLANCHE.     A  board. 

La-po-el',  n.  French,  LA  POELE.  A  frying-pan.  Mamook  lapoel, 
to  fry. 

La-pome,  n.     French,  LA  POMME.     An  apple. 

La-pool',  n.  French,  LA  POULE.  A  fowl;  poultry.  Siwash  lapool, 
the  grouse. 

La  poo-shet ,  n.     French,  LA  FOURCHETTE.    A  fork. 

La  pote,  n.     French,  LA  PORTE.     A  door. 

La  s  an j  el,  n.     French,  LA  CINGLE.     A  girth;  a  sash;  a  belt. 

La  see,  n.     French,  LA  SCIE.     A  saw. 

La-sell',  n.     French,  LA  SELLE.     A  saddle. 

La-shal  loo,  or  La-shal-lee,  n.    French,  LA  CHARRUE.    A  plough. 

La  slian  del,  n.    French,  LA  CHANDELLE.     A  candle. 

La-shase,  n.     French,  LA  CHAISE.     A  chair. 

La-shen',  n.     French,  LA  CHAINE.     A  chain. 

Las-siet',  n.    French,  L'ASSIETTE.    A  plate. 

La-sway,  n.,  adj.    French,  LA  SOIE.     Silk;  silken. 

La- 1 abb,  n.     French,  LA  TABLE.     A  table. 

La-tet',  n.     French,  LA  TETE.     The  head.     Pil  latet,  red-headed. 

La-tlah',  n.  French,  TRAIN  ;  as,  "  ne  faites  pas  de  train."  (Ander 
son).  A  noise.  Mamook  latlah,  to  make  a  noise. 

La-wen',  n.    French,  L'AVOINE.     Oats. 

La-west',  n.     French,  LA  VESTE.    A  waistcoat. 

Lazy,  adj.    English,  idem.    Lazy. 

Le-bah-do  (often  pronounced  lab'-a-do),  n.  French,  LE  BARDEAU. 
A  shingle. 

Le-baT,  n.     French,  idem.    A  ball;  bullet.    Tenas  lebal,  shot. 

Le-bis'-kwie,  n.  French,  LE  BISCUIT.  Biscuit;  crackers;  hard 
bread. 

Le-blau',  «.,  adj.  French,  LE  BLOND.  A  sorrel  horse;  chestnut 
colored. 

Le  clem',  ».,  adj.  French,  LE  CREME.  Cream-colored;  a  cream- 
colored  or  light  dun  horse. 

Le  cock',  n.    French,  LE  COQ.     A  cock;  a  fowl. 

Le-doo',  n.     French,  LE  DOIGT.    A  finger. 


PAET  I.    CHINOOK ENGLISH.  15 

Le-gley,  «.,  adj.     French,  LE  GRIS,  or  English  GRAY,  with  French 

article.     A  gray  horse;  gray. 
Le-jaub'.     See  DIAUB. 
Le-kleh,  n.     French,  LE  CLEF.     A  key.     Mamook  le  kleh,  lock  the 

door. 

Le-kloo',  n.     French,  LE  CLOU.     A  nail;  nails. 
Le-koo',  n.     French,  LE  cou.     The  neck. 
Le-ky'e,  n.,  adj.     Mr.  Anderson  derives  this  from  a  Canadian  word 

caille,  meaning  a  piebald  horse.     In  its  jargon  use,  it  means,  also,  a 

spot,  spotted,  or  speckled;  as,  lekye  salmon,  the  spotted  or  winter 

salmon  (salmo  canis,  Suckley).  . 

Le-lo'-ba,  ».     French,  LE  RUBAN.     A  ribbon. 
Le-loo',  n.     French,  LE  LOUP.     A  wolf  (the  large  wolf). 
Le-mah,  or  Leh-ma,  n.     French,  LA  MAIN.     The  hand;  the  arm. 

Kloshe  lemah,  the  right  (literally,  the  good  hand) ;  potlatch  lemah, 

shake  hands. 

Le-mah-to,  n.     French,  LE  MARTEAU.     A  hammer. 
Le-mel',  n.     French,  LE  MULET.     A  mule. 
Le-xno'-lo,  ».,  adj.     French  Canadian,  LE  MORON;  undoubtedly  a 

corruption  of  MARRON,  a  runaway  negro.      Wild;  untamed.     It  ap 
plies  to  men  as  well  as  animals,  as,  for  instance,  to  the  tribes  which 

have  had  no  intercourse  with  the  settlements. 

Le-moo'-to,  or  Lam'-mu-to,  n.    French,  LES  MOUTONS.     Sheep. 
Le-pan',  n.     French,  LE  PAIN.     Bread;  raised  or  light  bread. 
Le-pee',  «.     French,  LE  PIED.     The  feet. 
Le-pish'-e-mo,  n.     Quaere  u.  d.     The  saddle-blanket  and  housings 

of  a  horse. 

Le-plet,  n.     French,  LE  PRETRE.     A  priest. 
Le-pwau',  n.     French,  LES  POIS.     Peas. 
Le-sak',  n.     French,  LE  SAC.     A  bag ;  a  pocket. 
Le-sap',  or  Le-zep',  n.     French,  LES  CEUFS.     An  egg;  eggs. 
Le-see-blo,  n.     French,  LES  EPERONS.     Spurs. 
Le-see-ZO,  n.     French,  LE  CISEAU.     Scissors. 
Le-sook,  n.     French,  LE  SUCRE.     Sugar. 
Le-tah,  n.     French,  LE  DENT.     The  teeth. 
Le-whet',  n.     French,  LE  FOUKT.     A  whip.     Mamook  lewhet,  to 

whip.  ^ 

Lice,  n.     English.     Rice. 
Lik-pu'-hu,  or  Lik'-po,  «.     (Hale.)     An  elder  sister.     Mr.  Hale 

gives  this  as  a  Chinook  word.     If  so,  it  is  probably  a  corruption  of 

KUP'HO.     It  is  not  used  in  Jargon. 


16  DICTIONARY   OF   THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 

Lip  -lip,  v.     By  onoma.  (Hale).     To  boil.     Mamook  liplip,  to  make, 

or  cause  to  boil. 
L6-lo,  v.     Chinook,  idem.     Originally,  to  carry  a  child  on  the  back. 

In  Jargon,  used  in  a  more  extended  sense.     To  carry;   to  load. 

Lolo  kopa  tsiktsik,  to  carry  in  a  cart.     Mamook  lolo  kopa  canim, 

to  load  into  a  canoe. 
Lo-lo',  adj.     Chinook,  LOWULLO.     Round ;  whole ;  the  entire  of  any 

thing.    Lolo  sapeleel,  whole  wheat ;  mamook  lolo,  to  roll  up  (Shaw). 
Lope,  TO.     English,  ROPE.     A  rope.     Tenas  lope,  a  cord ;  skin  lope, 

a  raw  hide,  riata,  or  thong. 
Luk'-ut-chee,  or  La-kwit-chee,  n.    French,  LA  COQUILLE.  (?) 

Clams.    Used  chiefly  on  Puget  Sound. 
Lum,  11.     English,  RUM.     Spirits  of  any  sort. 

M. 

Mah  kook,  v.,  n.  Nootka,  MAKUK  ;  Nittinat  and  Tokwaht,  idem ; 
Makah,  BAKWATL.  To  buy  or  sell;  trade  or  exchange;  a  bargain. 
As  their  buying  and  selling  was  merely  barter,  the  same  word  always 
answered  for  both  operations.  Kah  mika  mahkook  okook  calipeen  ? 
where  did  you  buy  that  rifle  ?  hyas  mahkook,  dear  ;  tenas  mahkook, 
cheap. 

Mah  kook-house.     A  trading-house  or  a  store. 

Mall-lie,  v.     Nisqually.     To  forget.     Of  local  use  on  Puget  Sound. 

Mahsh,  v.  a.  French,  MARCHER.  To  leave ;  to  turn  out;  to  throw 
away ;  to  part  with;  remove.  Ex.  Mahsh  chuck  kopa  boat,  bail 
the  boat  out;  mahsh  okook  salmon,  throw  away  that  Jish;  mahsh 
maika  capo,  take  off  your  coat;  mahsh!  (to  a  dog)  get  out!  mahsh 
tenas,  to  have  a  child ;  to  be  delivered;  yakka  mahsh  turn-turn  kopa 
nika,  he  has  given  me  his  orders,  or  told  me  his  wishes;  mahsh  kow, 
to  untie;  mahsh  stone,  Jo  castrate. 

Mah-sie,  v.    French,  MERCIE.     Thank  you. 

Maht-lin-nie,  adv.  Chinook,  MATLINI.  Offshore.  (In  boating), 
keep  off!  (if  on  land),  towards  the  water. 

Maht-wil-lie,  adv.  Chinook,  MATHWILI.  In  shore;  shoreioard. 
(As  a  command),  keep  in;  (on  land),  towards  the  woods,  or  the 
interior. 

Ma-lah,  n.     Chinook,  MALAGH.     Tinware;  crockery;  earthenware. 

Mal-i-eh,  v.    French,  MARIER.     To  marry. 

Ma'-ma,  71.    English,  MAMMA.    A  mother. 

Mam'-ook,  v .  a.    Nootka,  MAMUK.     To  make;  to  do;  to  work.    It 


PAHT    I.     CHINOOK — KNGLISIT.  17 

is  the  general  active  verb,  and  is  used  largely  in  combination  with 
nouns  and  other  verbs;  as,  mamook  chahko,  make  to  come,  fetch; 
mamook  kelipai,  briny  or  send  back;  mamook  isick,  to  paddle; 
mamook  illahee,  to  dig. 

Man,  ».  English,  idem.  A  man;  the  male  of  any  animal.  Ex. 
Man  moolock,  a  buck  elk ;  tenas  man,  a  young  man  or  boy. 

Mel-a-kwa,  or  Mal-a-kwa,  n.  French,  MARANGOUIN.  (Ander 
son.)  A  mosquito. 

Mel  -ass,  r>.     French,  ME  LASS  K.     Molasses. 

Mem'-a-loost,  v.,  n.,  part.  Chinook,  MEMALUST.  To  die;  dead. 
Mamook  memaloost,  to  kill. 

Me-sah-chie,  adj.     Chinook,  MASACHI.     Bad ;  wicked. 

Me-si'-ka,  pron.     Chinook,  MESAIKA.      You;  your;  yours. 

Mi'-ka,  pron.     Chinook,  MAIK A.     Thou;  thy;  thine. 

Mi'-mie,  adv.     Chinook,  MAIAMI.     Down,  stream. 

Mist-chi'-mas,  n.     Quaere  u.  d.     A  slave.     Dr.  Scouler  gives  this 
word  as  Nootka  and  Columbian.     Mr.  Hale  makes  it  Chinook.     It 
is  certainly,  however,  neither  Chinook  nor  Chihalis;  and  Jewitt' 
gives  kakoelthtas  Nootka,  while  I  find  the  Makah  word  kotlo,  and 
the  Nittinat  kotl. 

Mit-ass,  n.  Cree,  MITAS.  (Anderson.)  Leggings.  A  word  im 
ported  by  the  Canadian  French. 

Mit'-lite,  v.  Chinook,  MITLAIT.  .  To  nit;  xtt,  down;  stay  at;  re- 
silie;  remain.  It  is  also  used  in  place  of  to  have  and  to  be.  Ex. 
Mitlite  kopa  house,  he  is  in  the  house;  mitlite  hyiu  salmon  kopa 
mika?  have  you  plenty  of  salmon?  mitlite  (imp.),  sit  down;  cultus 
mitlite,  to  stop  anywhere  without  particular  object;  mitlite  tenas,  to 
be  with  child;  mitlite  keekwillie,  to  put  down. 

Mit'-whit,  v.  Chinook,  AMETWHET.  To  stand;  stand  up.  Mit- 
whit  stick,  a  standing  tree ;  a  mast. 

Mokst,  adj.     Chinook,  MAKST.     Tivo ;  twice. 

Moo'-la,  n.     French,  MOULIN.     A  mill.     Stick  moola,  a  saw-mill. 

Moo'-lock,  n.  Chinook,  EMULUK.  An  elk.  This  word,  strangely* 
enough,  occurs  also  in  the  Koquilth  of  Humboldt  Bay. 

Moon,  n.  English,  idem.  The  moon.  Ikt  moon,  a  month ;  sick 
moon,  the  wane  or  old  moon. 

Moos'-moos,  v.  Klikatat,  MUSMUS  ;  Chinook,  EMUSMUS.  Buffalo  , 
horned  cattle.  The  word,  slightly  varied,  is  common  to  several  lan 
guages.  Mr.  Anderson  derives  it  from  the  Cree  word  mooatoos,  a 
buffalo,  and  supposes  it  to  have  been  imported  by  the  Canadians ; 
but  Father  Pandosy  makes  ?nut<mus  Yakama. 


18  DICTIONARY   OF   THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 

IVIoo  sum, ''.,».  Chihalis,  MUSAM.  To  sleep;  sleep.  Tikegh  moo- 
sura,  or  olo  moosum,  to  be  sleepy  (literally,  to  want,  or  be  hungry  for 
sleep) ;  nika  hyas  moosum,  /  slept  very  sound. 

Mow  itsh.  or  Mah'-witsh,  n.  Nootka,  MAUITSH  (Hale) ;  Nit- 
tinat,  MOITSH,  a  deer;  Nootka,  MOOWATSH,  a  bear  (Jewitt).  A 
deer;  venison.  Frequently  used  to  signify  a  wild  animal ;  as,  hul- 
oima  mowitch,  a  strange  or  different  kind  of  beast.  The  meaning 
given  in  Jewitt's  book  is  probably  a  misprint.  Like  moolock,  an 
elk,  tbe  word  is  found  in  the  Koquilth  of  Humboldt  Bay. 

Muck-a-muck,  n.,  v.  Quaere  u.  d.  MAKAMAK  (Hale).  To  eat ;  to 
bite ;  food.  Muckamuck  chuck,  <fec.,  to  drink  water,  or  other  liquid. 
Neither  Chinook  nor  Chihalis.  Mr.  Anderson  considers  it  an  in 
vented  word. 

Mus'-ket,  ».  English,  idem.  A  gun  or  musket.  Stick  musket,  a 
bow. 

N. 

Na.     The  interrogative  particle.     Ex.  Mika  na  klatawa  okook  sun  ? 

do  you  go  to-day  ?     Interrogation  is,  however,  often  conveyed  by 

intonation  only. 
Na  ah,  n.     Chinook,  TLKANAA.     A  mother.     (Hale.)     Peculiar  to 

the  Columbia,  and  now  in  fact  obsolete,  the  English  MA'MA  being 

used  instead. 
XT  ah.,  interj.     Common  to  several  languages.     Look  here !   I  say  ! 

Nah  sikhs !  halloo,  friend  !     Also  used  in  common  conversation  to 

call  attention  to  some  point  not  thoroughly  understood.     In  the 

Yakama  language,  it  is  the  sign  of  the  vocative ;  as,  nah  tehn  !   0 

man. 
Nan'-itsh,  v.     Quaere  u.  d.     To  see;  look;   look  for;  seek.     Nan- 

itsh!  look  there!  kloshe  nanitsh!  look  out!  take  care!  cultus  nan- 

itsh,  to  look  round  idly,  or  from  curiosity  only.     Mamook  nanitsh,  to 
•'    show.    The  word  is  neither  Chinook  nor  Chihalis.    Dr.  Scouler  gives 

nannanitch  as  Nootka  and  Columbian.     It  is  possibly  the  former. 
Nau'-its,  adv.    Chihalis,  NOITSH.    Mr.  Hale  gives  this  for  off  shore  ; 

on  the  stream.     It  means,  according  to  Mr.  Anderson,  the  sea-beach, 

and  is  not  properly  a  Jargon  word. 
Na-wit'-ka,  adv.     Chinook,  idem ;  Klikatat  and  Yakama,  N'WITKA. 

Yes  ;  certainly ;  yes  indeed  ;  to  be  sure.     Nawitka  wake  nika  kum- 

tuks,  indeed  I  don't  know.     In  answer  to  a  negative  question,  many 

Indians  use  it  as  affirming  the  negative.     Ex.  Wake  mika  nanitsh  • 

did  you  not  sec  [?'<]  ?     Xawitka,  /  did  not. 


PART   I.    CHINOOK — ENGLISH.  19 

Nem,  n.  English,  NAME.  A  name.  Mamook  nem,  to  name,  or  call 
by  name.  * 

Ne-nam-ooks,  n.     Chinook,  ENANAMUKS.     The  land  otter. 

Ne  si'-ka,  p-o«.     Chinook,  NISAIKA.      We;  us;  our. 

Ne'-whah.  Chinook,  NIWHA.  It  seems  to  be  an  adverb  used, 
as  is  often  the  case,  as  a  verb,  the  meaning  being  hither,  come,  or 
bring  it  hither.  Ex.  Newhah  nika  nanitsh,  here,  let  me  see  it. 

Ni'-ka,  pron.     Chinook,  NAIKA.     /;  me;  my;  mine. 

Nose,  n.  English,  idem.  The  nose;  also,  a  promontory.  Boat 
nose,  the  bow  of  a  boat. 

0. 

O'-koke,  or  O'-kook,  pron.     Chinook,  OKOK.     This;    that;   it. 

Iktah  okook?  what  is  that?  okook  sun,  to-day;  okook  klaksta,  he 

who;  okook  klaska,  they  (being  present).     It  is  often  abbreviated 

to  oke  ;  as,  oke  sun. 

O'-la-pits-ki,  n.    Chinook,  OOLPITSKI.     (Hale.)     Fire.    Not  prop 
erly  a  Jargon  word. 
O'-le-man,  n.,  adj.     English,  OLD  MAN.     An  old  man;  old;  worn 

out.    Hyas  oleman  kiuatan,  a  very  old  horse.    As  regards  articles, 

used  in  the  sense  of  worn  out. 
Ol'-hy-iu,  n.     Chinook,  OLHAIYU.     A  seal. 
O'-lil-lie,  or  O'-lal-lie,  n.    Belbella,  idem.     (Tolmie.)     Originally 

the  salmon  berry.     Chinook,  KLALELLI,  berries  in  general.    Berries. 

Shot  olillie,  huckleberries  ;  siahpult  olillie,  raspberries  ;  salmon  olillie, 

salmon  berries,  &c.     On  Puget  Sound,  always  called  OLALLIE. 
O'-lo,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     Hungry.     Olo  chuck,   thirsty;    olo 

moosum,  sleepy. 

O'-luk,  n.     Chihalis,  idem.     A  snake. 
O'-na,  n.    Chinook,  EONA.     The  razor  fish  or  solen ;  clams.    Used 

only  at  mouth,  of  the  Columbia. 
Oos'-kan,  n.    Chinook.    A  cup;  a  bowl. 
O'-pe-kwan,  n.     Chinook,  OPEKWANH.     A  basket;  tin  kettle. 
O'-pitl-kegh,  n.     Chinook,  OPTLIKE.     A  bow. 
O'-pit-sah,  n.     Chinook,  6ptSAKH.     A  knife.     Opitsah  yakka  sikhs 

(the  knife's  friend),  a  fork.     The  word  is  also  used  to  denote  n 

sweetheart. 
O'-poots,  or  O'-pOOtsh,  n.     Chinook,  OBEPUTSH,  the  fundament. 

The  posterior  ;  the  fundament ;  the  tail  of  an  animal.     Boat  opoots, 

the  rudder;  opoots-sill,  a  breech  clout. 


I 


20  DICTIONARY    OF    THli    CHINOOK   JARGON. 

Ote-lagh,  n.     (Hale.)     Chinook,  OOTLAKH.     The  sun.     Not  prop 
erly  a  Jargon  word. 
Ow,  M.     Chinook,  Au.     A  brother  younger  than  the  shaker. 

P. 

Pahtl,  adj.  Chinook,  PATL.  Full.  1'ahtl  him  or  paht-luin,  drunk; 
pahtl  chuck,  wet-  pahtl  illahic,  dirty  ;  inamook  pahtl,  to  Jill. 

Faint,  or  Pent,  n.,  adj.     English,  PAINT.     Mamook  pent,  to  paint. 

Papa,  n.     English,  idem.     A  father. 

Pa'see-sie,  n.     Chinook,  PASISI.     A  blanket;  woollen  cloth. 

Pa-si'-ooks,  n.,  adj.  Chinook,  PAsisiuxs.  French;  a  French 
man.  Mr.  Hale  supposed  this  to  be  a  corruption  of  the  French 
word  Franfais.  It  is,  however,  really  derived  from  the  foregoing 
'  word,  PASISI,  with  the  terminal  UKS,  which  is  a  plural  form  ap 
plied  to  living  beings.  Lewis  and  Clarke  (vol.  ii.,  p.  413)  give 
Pashisheooks,  clothmen,  as  the  Chinook  name  for  the  whites,  and 
this  explanation  was  also  furnished  me  by  people  of  that  tribe.  It 
has  since  been  generally  restricted  to  the  French  Canadians,  though 
among  some  of  the  tribes  east  of  the  Cascade  Range,  it  is  applied 
indiscriminately  to  all  the  Hudson's  Bay  people. 

Pchih,  or  Pit-chih,  adj.  Quaere  u.  d.  Thin  in  dimension,  as  of  a 
board.  (Shaw.)  Not  in  common  use. 

Pe-chugh,  adj.     Chinook,  PTSEKH.     Green. 

Pee,  con/.  French,  Puis.  (Anderson.)  Then;  besides;  and;  or; 
but.  Pee  weght,  and  also ;  besides  which ;  pee  nika  wauwau  wake, 
but  I  say,  No. 

Peh'-pah,  n.  English,  PAPER.  Paper;  a  letter;  any  writiny. 
Mamook  pehpah,  to  write. 

"Pel' -ton,  n.,  adj.  Jargon.  A  fool ;  foolish  ;  crazy.  Kahkwa  pel- 
ton,  like  a  fool;  hyas  pelton  mika,  you  are  very  silly. 

The  Indians  adopted  this  word  from  the  name  of  a  deranged 
person,  Archibald  Pelton,  or  perhaps  Felton,  whom  Mr.  Wilson  P. 
Hunt  found  on  his  journey  to  Astoria,  and  carried  there  with  him. 
The  circumstance  is  mentioned  by  Franchere,  in  his  "  Narrative," 
trans,  p.  149. 

Pe-shak',  or  Pe-shuk',  adj.  Nootka,  PESHUK;  Nittinat,  idem. 
Bad. 

Pe-what'-tie,  adj.     Chinook,  PIIIWATI.     Thin,  like  paper,  &c. 

Pi'-ah,  n.,  adj.  English,  FIRE.  Fire;  ripe;  cooked.  Mamook  piali, 
to  cook ;  to  burn;  piah-ship,  a  steamer;  piah  olillie,  ripe  berries 


PART    I.     CHINOOK ENGLISH.  21 

piah  sapolill,  baked  bread;  piah  sick,  the  venereal  disease ;  saghillic 
piah,  lightning. 

Pil,  adj.  Chinook,  TLPELPKL.  Father  Pandosy  gives  PILPILP,  as 
signifying  red,  in  the  Nez  Perce  or  Sahaptin,  also.  Red;  of  a  red 
dish  color.  Pil  illahie,  red  clay  or  vermilion;  pil  dolla,  gold;-p\\ 
chickaruin,  copper ;  pil  kiuatan,  a  bay  or  chestnut  horse. 

Pil'-pil,  n.  Jargon.  Blood.  Mahsh  pilpil,  to  bleed  ;  to  menstruate. 
Derived  from  the  foregoing. 

Fish,  n.     English,     fish. 

Pit-lilh',  or  Pit-hlil',  adj.  Quare  u.  d.  Thick  in  consistence,  as 
molasses. 

Piu-piu,  n.  French,  PUEK,  to  stink.  Or  from  the  sound  often  ut 
tered  expressive  of  disgust  at  a  bad  smell.  A  skunk. 

Poll,  v.  Chinook,  idem.  By  onoma.  Mamook  poh,  to  bloio  out  or 
extinguiah,  as  a  candle. 

Po'-lak-lie,  n.,  adj.  Chinook,  POLAKLI.  Jfiyht ;  darkness;  dark. 
Tenas  polaklie,  evening ;  hyas  polaklie,  late  at  night;  very  dark ; 
sit-kum  polaklie,  midnight  (literally,  the  half  night). 

Po'-lal^lie,  n.  Quaere  French,  POUDRE.  Gunpowder ;  dust;  sand. 
Polallie  illahie,  sandy  ground.  The  word  i*  certainly  neither  Chi 
nook  uor  Chihalis. 

Poo,?*.  By  onoma.  (Hale.)  The  sound  of  a  yun.  Mauiook  poo, 
to  shoot;  moxt  poo,  a  double-barrelled  yun;  tohum  poo,  a  six- 
shooter.  Nisqually,  OPOO,  to  break  wind. 

Poo'-lie,  adj.     French,  POURRI.     Rotten. 

Pot'-latch,  or  Paht'-latsh,  n.,  v.  Nootka,  PAHCHILT  (Jewitt) ; 
PACHAETL,  or  PACHATL  (Cook).  A  gift;  to  give.  Cultus  pot- 
latch,  a  present  or  free  gift. 

Pow'-itsh,  n.     Chinook,  PAUITSH.     A  crab-apple. 

Puk'-puk,  n.  Probably  an  invented  word.  A  bloio  with  the  fist ; 
a  fist- fight.  Mamook  pukpuk,  to  box;  to  fight  with  the  fists;  puk- 
puk  solleks,  to  fight  in  anger. 

Puss'-puss,  n.  English.  A  cat.  On  Puget  Sound,  pronounced 
2»yh-pish.  Hyas  pusspuss,  a  cougar. 

S. 

Sagh-a-lie,  or  Sah'-ha-lie,  udj.  Chinook,  SAKHALI;  Clatsop, 
UKHSHAKHAU.  Up;  above;  high.  Saghalie  tyee  (literally,  the 
chief  above),  God.  A  term  invented  by  the  missionaries  for  want 
of  a  native  one. 


22  DICTIONARY    OF   THE    CHINOOK   JARGON. 

Sail,  or  Sill,  »•     English,  SAIL.     A  sail;  any  cotton  or  linen  goods. 

Maraook  sail,  to  make  sail ;  mamook  keekwillie  sail,  to  take  in  sail ; 

tzum  sail,  printed  cloth  or  calico. 
Sa-kol'-eks,  or  Se-kol'-uks,  ».     Chinook,  TSAKALUKS,  leggings. 

Trowsers ;  ^anta/oons.     Keekwillie  sakoleks,  drawers. 
Sal-lal',   n.      Chinook,   KLKWUSHALA.      (SHELWELL   of  Lewis  and 

Clarke.)      The  sallal  berry  ;  fruit  of  gualtheria  shallon. 
Salmon,  n.     English,  idem.     The  salmon;  fish  generally.     Tyee 

salmon,  i.e.,  chief  salmon,  the  spring  salmon  (salmo  kwinnat,  Rich.)  ; 

masahchie  salmon,  a  winter  species  (salmo  cam's,  Suckley) ;  tzum 

salmon,  salmon  trout. 
Salt,  «.,  adj.     English,  idem.     Salt,  or  a  salt  taste.     Salt  chuck,  the 

sea. 
San-de-lie,  n.,  adj.     French,  CENDRE.     Ash-colored.     (Anderson.) 

A  roan  horse;  roan-colored. 
Sap'-O-lill,  n.     Chinook,  TSAPELIL.      Wheat,  flour,  or  meal.     Piah 

sapolill,  baked  bread;    lolo  sapolill,  whole  wheat.     The  word  has 

been  erroneously  supposed  to  come  from  the  French  la  farine.     It 

is,  however,  a  true  Indian  word,  and  seems  common  to  various 

Columbia  river  tribes.    Pandosy  gives  SAPLIL  as  Yakama  for  bread ; 

Lewis  and  Clarke  write  it  CHAPELELL. 
Se-ah-host,  or  Se-agh'-OSt,  n.    Chinook,  SIAKHOST,  the  face.    The 

face;    the  eyes.     Halo  seahhost,  blind;   icht  seahhost,  one-eyed; 

lakit  seahhost  (four  eyes),  or  dolla  seahhost,  spectacles. 
Se-ah-po,  or  Se-ah-pult,  n.    French,  CHAPEAU.    A  hat  or  cap. 

Seahpult  olillie,  the  raspberry. 
Shame,  or  Shem,  n.    English,  idem.     Shame.     Halo  shorn  mika  ? 

arrft  you  ashamed  of  yourself  ? 
Shan-tie,  v.    French,  CHANTER.     To  sing. 

She-lok'-um,  n.    Chinook,  TSHAILAKUMIT.     (Anderson.)    A  look 
ing-glass;  glass. 
Ship,  n.     English,  idem.     A  ship  or  vessel.     Stick  ship,  a  sailing 

vessel ;  piah  ship,  a  steamer;  ship-man,  a  sailor. 
Shoes,  n.    English,  idem.     Shoes;   skin  shoes;   moccasin*.     Stick 

shoes,  boots  or  shoes  made  of  leather. 

Shot,  n.     English,  idem.     Shot ;  lead.     Shot  olillie,  huckleberries. 
Shu'-gah,  or  Shu'-kwa,  ».     English.     Sugar. 
Shugh,  n.     Chinook,  SHUKHSHUKH.     A  rattle.     An  imitation  doubt 
less  of  the  sound.     (Anderson.)     Shugh-opoots,  a  rattlesnake. 
Shut,  )>.     English,  SHIRT.     A  shirt. 
Shwah-kuk,  n.     Chihalis,  SHWAKKUK.     A  frog. 


PART   I.     CHINOOK — ENGLISH.  23 

Si-ah,  adj.  Nootka,  SAIA.  Far ;  far  off.  Comparative  distance  is 
expressed  by  intonation  or  repetition ;  as,  siah-siah,  very  far •  wake 
siah,  near,  not  far.  Jewitt  gives  SIEVAH  as  the  sky  in  Nootka, 
which  was  perhaps  the  true  meaning,  or,  more  probably,  they 
called  the  sky  "  the  afar." 

Si-am,  n.     Chinook,  ISHAIEM.     The  grizzly  bear. 

Sick,  adj.  English,  idem.  Sick.  Cole  sick,  the  ague ;  sick  tum- 
tum,  grieved;  sorry ;  jealous ;  unhappy. 

Sikhs,  or  Shikhs,  11.  Chinook,  SKASIKS;  Sahaptin,  SHIKSTUA. 
(Pandosy.)  A  friend.  Used  only  towards  men. 

Sin'-a-moxt,  adj.     Chinook,  SINIMAKST.     Seven. 

Si'-pah,  adj.  Wasco.  (Shaw.)  Straight,  like  a  ramrod.  Of  only 
local  use. 

Sis'-ki-you,  n.     Cree.     (Anderson.)     A  bob-tailed  horse. 

This  name,  ludicrously  enough,  has  been  bestowed  on  the  range 
of  mountains  separating  Oregon  and  California,  and  also  on  a 
county  in  the  latter  State.  The  origin  of  this  designation,  as  re 
lated  to  me  by  Mr.  Anderson,  was  as  follows.  Mr.  Archibald  R. 
McLeod,  a  chief  factor  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  in  the  year 
1828,  while  crossing  the  mountains  with  a  pack  train,  was  over 
taken  by  a  snow  storm,  in  which  he  lost  most  of  his  animals,  in 
cluding  a  noted  bob-tailed  race-horse.  His  Canadian  followers,  in 
compliment  to  their  chief,  or  "  bourgeois,"  named  the  place  the 
Pass  of  the  Siskiyou, — an  appellation  subsequently  adopted  as  the 
veritable  Indian  name  of  the  locality,  and  which  thence  extended 
to  the  whole  range,  and  the  adjoining  district. 

Sit'-kum,  n.,  adj.  Chinook,  SITKUM  (Anderson)  ;  Clatsop,  ASITKO. 
A  half;  apart.  Sitkum  dolla,  half  a  dollar;  sitkum  sun,  noon; 
tenas  sitkum,  a  quarter,  or  a  small  part. 

Sit'-lay,  or  Sit'-li-ay,  n.  French,  LES  ETRIERS.  (Anderson.) 
Stirrups. 

Sit'-shum,  v.     Chihalis,  idem.     To  swim. 

Si'-wash,  n.,  adj.     French,  SAUVAGE.     An  Indian;  Indian. 

Skin,  n.  English,  idem.  Skin.  Skin  shoes,  moccasins ;  stick  skin, 
the  bark  of  a  tree. 

Skoo'-kum,  or  Skoo-koom ,  n.,  adj.  Chihalis,  SKUKCM.  A 
r/host;  an  evil  sjririt  or  demon;  strong.  Skookum  tumtum,  brave ; 
skookum  chuck,  a  rapid. 

Skwak'-wal,  n.  Chinook,  SKAKULH  (Anderson);  Clatsop,  SKA- 
KOLI.  A  lamprey  eel.  Of  local  use  only. 

Skwis'-kwis,  n.     Chinook,  Cathlamet  dialect.     A  squirrel. 


24:  DICTIONARY   OF   THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 

Sla-hal ,  n.  Chinook,  ETLALTLAL.  A  game  played  with  ten  small 
disks,  one  of  which  is  marked. 

Smet'-ocks,  n.  Chihalis,  SMETTAKS.  The  large  clam  (Lutraria). 
Used  only  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  river. 

Smoke,  ft.     English,  idem.     Smoke;  clouds ;  fog ;  steam, 

Snass,  n.  Quaere  u.  d.  Rain.  Cole  snass,  snow.  The  word  is 
neither  Chinook  nor  Chihalis,  and  is  perhaps  manufactured. 

Snow,  n.     English,  idem.     Snoio. 

Soap,  n.     English,  idem.     Soap. 

So-le'-xnie,  n.  Chinook,  SULAMICH  (Anderson);  Clatsop,  SHOLBK. 
The  cranberry. 

Sol'-leks,  or  Sah'-leks,  n.,  adj.  Quaere  u.  d.  Anger ;  angry. 
Mamook  solleks,  to  fight;  tikegh  solleks,  to  be  hostile;  kumtuks 
solleks,  to  be  passionate. 

So'-pe-na,  v.     Chinook,  T'SOPENA.     To  jump;  to  leap. 

Spo'-oh,  or  Spo'-eh,  adj.  Chinook,  idem.  Faded;  any  light 
color,  as  pale  blue,  drab,  &c.  Chahko  spoeh,  to  fade. 

Spoon,  n.     English,  idem.     A  spoon. 

Spose,  cow/.  English,  SUPPOSE.  If;  supposing;  provided  that;  in 
order  that.  Spose  mika  nanitsh  nika  canim,  if  you  see  my  canoe ; 
spose  nika  klatawa  kopa  Chinook,  if  or  when  I  go  to  Chinook; 
kahkwa  spose,  as  if.  See  KLOSHE  SPOSE. 

Stick,  w.,  adj.  English,  idem.  A  stick;  a  tree;  wood;  wooden. 
Stick  skin,  bark;  ship  stick,  a  mast;  mitwhit  stick,  a  standing 
tree;  icht  stick,  a  yard  measure;  stick  shoes,  leather  shoes  or  boots, 
as  distinguished  from  skin  shoes  or  moccasins;  kull  stick,  oak  (hard 
wood)  ;  isick  stick,  the  ash  (paddle  wood). 

Stock'-en,  n.     English.     Stockings  or  socks. 

Stoh,  adj.  Chinook,  idem.  Loose.  Mamook  stoh,  to  untie;  un 
loose  ;  undo.  Metaphorically,  to  absolve. 

Stone,  n.  English,  idem.  A  rock  or  stone;  bone ;  horn;  the  testi 
cles.  Stone  kiuatan,  a  stallion  ;  mahsh  stone,  to  castrate. 

Stote'-kin,  adj.     Chinook,  STOKTKIN.     Eight. 

Stutch'-un,  n.     English,  STURGEON.     The  sturgeon. 

Suk-wal'-al,  n.  Chinook  (Hale) ;  Clatsop,  SHUKWALALA,  a  gun  or 
musket.  No  longer  used  in  Jargon. 

Sun,  ».  English,  idem.  The  sun;  a  day.  Tenas  sun,  early ;  sit- 
kum  sun,  noon;  klip  sun,  sunset. 

Sun'-day,  n.  English,  idem.  Sunday.  Icht  Sunday,  a  week;  hyas 
sunday,  a  holiday.  A  flag  hoisted  on  a  particular  occasion  is 
sometimes  also  called  Sunday.  The  other  days  of  the  week  are 


PART    I.     CHINOOK KNGLISH.  25 

usually  counted  from  this ;  as,  icht,  mokst,  klone  sun  kopet  San- 
day,  one,  two,  or  three  days  after  Sunday.  Saturday  used  to  bo 
called  at  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  posts  "  muckamuck  sun," 
food  day,  as  the  one  on  which  the  rations  were  issued. 

T. 

Tagh'-um,  To'-hum,  or  Tugh'-um,  adj.     Chinook,  TAKHUM; 

Cowlitz,  TUKHCM  ;  Kwantleu,  TUKHUM'  ;  Selish,  TAKKAN.     Six. 
Tahl-kie,   or  Tahnl-kie,  adv.     Chinook,  TANLKI.     Yesterday. 

Icht  tahlkie,  day  before  yesterday. 
Tah-nim,  v.     Chihalis,  idem.     To  measure.    Of  only  local  use,  and 

not  strictly  Jargon. 
TahV-le-lum,  or  Tot'-le-lum,  adj.    Chinook,  TATLELUM.     Ten. 

The  combinations  from  this  are  simple.     Moxt,  klone,  <fec.,  tahtle- 

lum,  signifying  twenty,  thirty,  &c. ;  tahtlelum  pe  icht,  <fec.,  eleven, 

twelve,  &c. 
Tal-a-pus,  n.     Chinook,  ITALIPAS;   Yakama,  TELIPA.     (Pandosy.) 

The  coyote  or  prairie  wolf.     A  sort  of  deity  or  supernatural  being, 

prominent  in  Indian  mythology.     A  sneak. 
Ta-mah-no-US,  n.     Chinook,  ITAMANAWAS.     A  sort  of  guardian  or 

familiar  spirit;   magic;    luck;  fortune;   any  thing  supernatural. 

One's  particular  forte  is  said  to  be  his  tamahnous.     Mamook  ta- 

mahnous,   to   conjure;    "make  medecine;"    masahchie   tamahnous, 

witchcraft  or  necromancy.     Mr.  Anderson  restricts  the  true  meaning 

of  the  word  to  conjuring. 

Ta-mo'-litsh,  or  T.a-mow'-litsh,  n.     Chinook,  TAMULITSH  (An 
derson)  ;  Yakama,  TAMOLITSII  (Pandosy).     A  tub;  barrel;  bucket. 

Icht  tamolitsh,  a  bushel  measure. 
Tanse,  v.,  n.     English,  DANCE.     To  dance. 
T'chuk'-in,  or  Tsugh'-ken.    See  CHUCKIN. 
Tea,  n.     English,  idem.     Tea. 
Te-ah-wit,  n.     Chinook,  TIAWI;   Clatsop,  KEAAWIT.     The  leg; 

the- foot.     Klatawa  teahwit,  to  go  on  foot;  to  ?paWr;-klook  teahwit, 

lame. 
Teh-teh,  v.     Clatsop,  TETEHAHA.     To  trot,  as  a  horse.     Of  local 

use  only. 
Ten'-as,  or  Tan'-as,  n.,  adj.     Nootka,  TAXAS;   Tokwaht,  TENES. 

Small ;  few ;    little;   a  child ;    the  young  of  any  animal.     Mokst 

nika  tenas,  /  have  two  children;  tenas  hyiu,  afew;  tenas  sun,  early. 

Jewitt  gives  TANASSIS  for  a  child  jn  Nootka. 


• 

26  DICTIONARY    OF   THE    CHINOOK   JARGON. 

Te-peh,  n.     Chinook,  TEPEEH.     Quills;  the  wings  of  a  bird. 

Tik-egh,  or  Tu-kegh,  v.  Chinook,  TIKEKH.  To  want;  wish; 
love;  like.  Hyas  tikegh,  to  long  for ;  ikta  mika  tikegh?  what  do 
you  want? 

Tik'-tik,  n.    By  onoma.    A  watch. 

Til'-i-kum,  n.  Chinook,  TILIKHUM.  People.  Applied  generally, 
it  means  those  who  are  not  chiefs.  Cultus  tilikum,  common  or  in 
significant  persons;  huloima  tilikum,  strangers;  nika  tilikurn,  my 
relations.  It  is  also  used  to  signify  a  tribe  or  band. 

Til'-i-kum-ma-ma,  n.  (Hale.)  Chinook,  TLKAMAMA.  A  father. 
The  word  is  not  in  use  in  Jargon. 

Till,  or  Tull,  adj.,  n.  English,  TIRE.  Tired;  heavy;  weight ;  a 
weight.  Hyas  till  nika,  /  am  very  tired;  kansih  till  okook,  how 
much  does  that  weigh;  mamook  till,  to  weigh. 

Tin'-tin,  ».  By  onoma.  A  bell ;  a  musical  instrument.  Mamook 
tintin,  to  ring  a  bell.  Among  the  Indians  round  the  Hudson  Bay 
Company's  posts,  the  hours  were  thus  known ;  as,  mokst  tintin 
kopet  sitkum  sun,  two  hours,  i.  e.,  two  bells  after  noon. 

T'kope,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.      White;  light-colored. 

Tlehl.     See  KLALE. 

Tl'kope,  v.    Chinook,  idem.     To  cut;  hew;  chop. 

Toh,  or  Tooh.  By  onoma.  Mamook  toh,  to  spit.  A  manufac 
tured  word. 

T6ke-tie,  adj.     Kalapuya.     Pretty.     Not  in  common  use. 

To'-lo,  v.  Kalapuya.  To  earn;  to  win  at  a  game ;  to  gain.  Kan 
sih  dolla  nika  tolo  spose  mamook  ?  how  many  dollars  will  I  earn 
if  I  work  ? 

To'-luks,  n.  Clallam,  TOYUK.  The  mussel.  Used  on  Puget  Sound 
only. 

To-mol-la,  adv.  English,  TO-MORROW.  Ikt  tomolla,  or  copct  to- 
molla,  the  day  after. 

Tot,  n.    Chihalis,  TOT,  or  TAT.    An  uncle. 

To'-to,  v.  By  onoma.  Chinook,  TOKH-TOKH.  To  shake;  sift  any 
thing;  winnow. 

To-toosh',  or  Ta-toosh',  n.  Chippeway,  TOTOSH.  (Schoolcraft.) 
The  breasts  of  a  female ;  milk.  Totoosh  lakles,  butter. 

To-wagh',  adj.     Chinook,  TOWAKH.     Bright;  shining;  light. 

Tsee,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     Sweet. 

Tsee'-pie,  v.  Kalapuya.  To  miss  a  mark;  to  mistake  one's  road ; 
to  make  a  blunder  in  speaking;  to  err  or  blunder.  Tseepie  wayhut. 
to  take  the  wrong  road. 


0 

PART   I.    CHINOOK — ENGLISH.  27 

Tshi'-ke,  adv.    (Hale.)    Quaere  u.  d.    Directly;  soon.    Not  Jargon. 

Tshis,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     Cold.     Not  in  common  use. 

Tsi-at-ko,  n.  Chihalis,  Nisqually,  &c.,  idem ;  Clatsop,  ECHIATKU 
A  nocturnal  demon,  much  feared  by  the  Indians.  The  Skagits  give 
this  name  to\  the  "  Couteaux,"  a  tribe  of  Indians  on  Frazer  River, 
of  whom  they  stand  in  like  awe. 

Tsik -tsik,  or  Tchik -tchik,  n.  By  onoma.  A  wagon;  a  cart; 
a  wheel.  Tsiktsik  wayhut,  a  wagon-road. . 

Tsil'-tsil,  or  Chil'-chil,  ».  Chinook,  ECHILCHIL.  (Anderson.) 
Buttons ;  the  stars. 

Tsish,  v.  By  onoma.,  in  imitation  of  the  sound  of  a  grindstone. 
(Shaw.)  Mamook  tsish,  to  sharpen.  Of  local  use. 

Tsole-pat,  n.    Klikatat.    A  shot-pouch.    Of  local  use  only. 

Tso'-lo,  n.  Kalapuya.  (Shaw.)  To  wander  in  the  dark;  to  lose 
one's  way.  Used  in  the  Willamette  valley. 

Tsugh,  n.,  v.  Chinook,  idem.  A  crack  or  split.  Mamook  tsugh, 
to  split;  chahko  tsugh,  to  become  split  or  cracked,  as  by  the  heat 
of  the  sun ;  mamook  tsugh  illahie,  is  by  some  used  instead  of  klugh, 
for  to  plough. 

Tsuk.     See  CHUCK. 

Tuk-a-mo'-nuk,  or  Tak-a-mo'-nak,  adj.  Chinook,  ITAEAMONAK. 
A  hundred.  It  is,  like  ten,  combined  with  the  digits ;  as,  icht,  moxt, 
klone  takamonak,  one  hundred,  two  hundred,  three  hundred,  &c. 
Hyas  takamonak,  or  tahtlelum  takamonak,  a  thousand. 

Tuk'-wil-la,  or  To'-kwil-la, «.  Kalapuya.  The  hazel-nut ;  nuts 
generally. 

Tum'-tum,  n.  By  onoma.,  from  the  pulsations  of  the  heart.  (An 
derson.)  The  heart;  the  will;  opinion.  Mahsh  tumtum,  to  give 
orders ;  mamook  tumtum,  to  make  up  one's  mind ;  mamook  closhe 
tumtum,  to  make  friends  or  peace;  sick  tumtum,  grief;  jealousy; 
moxt  tumtum  nika,  /  am  undecided,  i.  e.,  /  have  two  wills.  Q.  Kah 
nesika  klatawa  ?  where  shall  we  go  ?  A.  Mika  tumtum,  wherever 
you  please;  as  you  will.  Ikta  mika  tumtum?  what  do  you  think? 
Halo  tumtum,  without  a  will  of  one's  own,  as  a  child.  The  heart 
seems  to  be  generally  regarded  as  the  seat  of  the  mind  or  will. 

Tum-wa'-ta,  n.  TUM,  by  onoma. ;  English,  WATER.  A  waterfall, 
cascade,  or  cataract.  Lewis  and  Clarke  give  TIMM  as  used  by  the 
Indians  above  the  Dalles  of  the  Columbia  in  directing  them  to  the 
falls. 

Tup'-shin,  or  Tip'-sin,  v.  Chihalis,  TUPSHIN.  A  needle.  Mamook 
tipsin,  to  sew  ;  to  mend  ;  to  patch. 


<. 

28  DICTIONARY   OF   THE   CHINOOK   JARGON. 

Tup-SO,  or  Tip '-SO,  ft.     Chinook,  TEPSO,  a  leaf.     Grass;  leaves , 

fringe;  feathers;  fur.     Often  but  incorrectly  employed  for  YAKSO, 

hair;  tipso  illahie, prairie;  dely  tipso,  hay. 
Ty'-ee,  ?«.,  adj.      Nootka,  TAIYI;   TYEE  (Jewitt).     A  chief.     Any 

thing  of  superior  order.     Saghalie  tyee,  the  Deity ;  tyee  salmon, 

the  spring  salmon.     TOYON  is  given  by  some  of  the  northwestern 

voyagers  as  the  Eskimo  appellation  for  chief. 
Tzum,  n.,  adj.     Chinook,  idem.     Mixed  colors;  spots  or  stripes;  a 

mark  or  figure;  writing ;  paint ;  painted.     Tzum  sill,  printed  calico; 

tzum  pehpa,  writing ;  mamook  tzum,  to  write;  tzum  illahie,  blazed 

or  surveyed  land. 

W. 

Wagh,  v.  Chinook,  WAKH.  To  pour;  to  spill;  to  vomit.  Mamook 
wagh  chuck,  pour  out  some  water. 

Wake,  adv.    Nootka,  WIK  (Jewitt) ;  Tokwaht,  WEK.     No;  not.^ 

Wa'-ki,  adv.     (Hale.)     Chinook,  WAKI.     To-morrow.     Not  Jargon. 

Wap'-pa-too,  n.  Quaere  u.  d.  The  root  of  the  Sagitaria  sagitti- 
folia,  which  forms  an  article  of  food;  the  potato.  The  word  is 
neither  Chinook  nor  Chihalis,  but  is  everywhere  in  common  use. 

Wash,,  v.     English,  idem.     Mamook  wash,  to  wash. 

Waum,  adj.  English,  WARM.  Hyas  waum,  hot;  wauin  illahie, 
summer;  mamook  waum,  to  heat;  waum-sick-cole-sick,  fever  and 
ague. 

Wau'-wau,' v.,  n.  Nootka;  Nittinat,  WAWE.  To  talk;  speak; 
call;  ask;  tell;  answer;  talk  or  conversation.  Cultus  wauwau, 
idle  talk;  stuff;  nonsense;  hyas  wauwau,  to  shout. 

Way'-hut,  Hweh'-kut,  or  Wee '-hut,  ».  Chinook,  WEHUT,  a 
road ;  Yakama,  WIET,  far.  A  road  or  trail.  Tsik-tsik  wayhut,  a 
wagon-road.  About  Vancouver,  ou  the  Columbia,  it  is  pronounced 
HWEHKUT  ;  on  Puget  Sound,  WEEHUT. 

Weght,  covj.  Chinook,  idem.  Again;  also;  more.  Pe  nika  weght, 
and  I  too;  pahtlatsh  weght,  give  me  some  more ;  tenas  weght,  a 
little  more  yet. 

Whim,  v.  Wasco.  (Shaw.)  To  fell.  Whim  stick,  a  fallen  tree; 
mamook  whim  okook  stick,  fell  that  tree.  Also,  to  throw,  in  wrest 
ling.  Of  local  use  only. 

Win'-a-pie,  adv.  Nootka;  Nittinat,  WILAI-I.  Btj-and-byc;  pres 
ently ;  wait.  Of  local  use;  the  Chinook  ALKI  being  more  com 
mon. 


PART   I.     CHINOOK ENGLISH.  29 

Wind,  or  Win,  -n.  English,  idem.  Wind.  The  winds  are  often 
known  by  the  country  from  which  they  blow ;  as,  for  instance,  on 
the  Columbia,  an  easterly  is  a  Walla-walla  wind ;  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  a  southerly  is  a  Tilamooks  wind,  &c.  Breath.  Ex.  Halo 
wind,  out  of  breath  ;  dead. 

Y. 

Yah'-hlll,  n.  Chinook,  YAKHUL  ;  EBEKHOL.  A  name.  Not  in  gen 
eral  use. 

Yah-ka,  or  Yok'-ka,  pron.  Chinook,  YAKA.  He;  his;  him; 
she;  it,  &c. 

Yah'-kis-ilt'h,  adj.  Chinook,  YAKISILT'H.  Sharp.  Mr.  Anderson 
gives  as  the  original,  "  cutting." 

Yah'-wa,  adv.  Chinook,  YAWAKH.  There;  thither ;  thence;  be 
yond. 

Yah'-whul.     See  AYAHWHUL. 

Yak'-SO,  n.     Chinook,  idem.     The  hair  of  the  head  ;  hair  generally. 

Ya-kwah'-tin,  or  Kwah'-tin,  n.  Chinook  and  Clatsop,  YAKWA- 
TIN.  The  belly ;  the  entrails. 

Yaub.     See  LEJAUB. 

Yel'-a-kwat.     See  KALAKWAHTIE. 

Yi'-em,  v.,  n.  Chihalis,  YAIEM.  To  relate  ;  to  tell  a  story  -  to  con 
fess  to  a  priest ;  a  story  or  tale. 

Youtl,  adj.  Quaere  Chihalis,  EYUTLH  ;  Nisqually,  JUIL,  glad. 
Pleased;  proud;  (of  a  horse),  spirited.  Hyas  youtl  yakka  turn- 
turn,  his  heart  is  very  glad;  he  is  much  puffed  up. 

Youtl-kut,  adj.,  n.  Chinook,  YtriLKUT.  Long  (in  dimension); 
length. 

Yout-skut,  or  Yutes'-kut,  adj.  Chinook,  YUTSKUTA.  Short  (in 
dimension). 

Y-salt'h,  or  Ye-salt'h.   %Sec  E-SALT'H. 

Yuk'-wa,  adv.  Chinook,  YAKWA.  Here;  hither ;  this  side  of; 
this  way.  Yukwa  kopa  okook  house,  this  side  of  that  house. 


PART  II. 

ENGLISH-CHINOOK. 


PART  II.    ENGLISH— CHINOOK. 


Above,  sdgh-a-lle. 
Absolve,  mam'-ook  stoh. 
Acorns,  kdh-na-way. 
AcrOSS,  in'-a-ti. 

Afraid,  kwass. 

After,  Afterwards,  kim'-tn. 

Again,  weght. 

All,  kon'-a-way. 

Alms,  e'-la-han,  or  e-lanri. 

Also,  weght. 

Although,  kegh-tchle. 

Always,  kwdh-ne-sum. 

American,  Boston. 

Amusement,  hee'-hee. 

And,  pee. 

Anger,  Angry,  sol'-leks. 

Apple,  le  pome. 

Apron,  keh-sn,  or  ki'-sn. 

Arbutus  uva  ursi,  lahb. 
Arrive  at,  ko. 
Arrow,  ka-li'-tan. 
As  if,  kdh-kwa  spose. 
At,  ko'-2)a. 
Aunt,  kioaVh. 
Awl,  shoes  keep'-wot. 
Axe,  la-hash'. 

B. 

Bad,  me-sdh-chie  ;  pe-shuk' . 

Bag,  le  sak. 

Ball,  le  bal. 

Bargain,  mdh-kook ;  huy-huy. 

Bark,  stick-skin. 


Barrel,  ta-mo'-litsh. 
Basket,  o'-pe-kwan. 
Beads,  ka-mo'-suk. 
Bear  (black),  chet'-woot;   itsf- 

looot  •  (grizzly),  si-am'. 
Beat,  to,  kok'-shut. 
Beaver,  ec'-na. 
Because,  keh-wa. 
Become,  to,  chdh-ko. 
Bed,  beef. 

Before,  e'-lip,  or  el'-ip. 
Behind,  kim'-ta. 
BeU,   tin' -tin. 
Belly,  ya-kwdh-tin. 
Below,  kee'-kwil-lie. 
Belt,  hi  san-jel'. 

Berries,  o' -Ill-lie;  o'-lal-lie. 
Best,  e'-lip  closhe. 
Bird,  kal-lak '-a-la. 
Biscuit,  le  bls'-kwee. 
Bitter,  klihl. 
Black,  Male. 

Blackberries,  klik'-a-muks. 
Blanket,  pa-see'-sie. 
Blind,  ha'-lo  se-dh-host. 
Blood,  pil-pil. 

Blow  Out,  mam'-ook  poh. 
Blue  (light),  spo'-oh. 

(dark),  Male. 

Blunder,  to,  tsee'-pie. 

Board,  In  plash. 

Boat,  boat. 

Bob-tailed;      a    bob-tailed 

horse,  sif'- 


PART   II.       ENGLISH — CHINOOK. 


Boil,   tO,   lip'-lip. 

Bone,  stone. 

Borrow,  to,  a-yah-iohul. 

Bosom  (female),  to-toosh. 

Both,  kun'-a-moxt. 

Bottle,  la-boo-ti'. 

Bow,  o'-pitl-kegh. 

Bowl,  oos'-kan. 

Box,  la  ca-sett'. 

Bracelet,  klik'-wal-lie. 

Brave,  skoo'-kum  tum'-tum. 

Bread,  le  pan. 

Break,  to,  kok'-shut. 

Breasts,  to-toosh'. 

Breech  clout,  o'-poots  sill. 

Bridle,  la  bleed. 

Bright,  to-w&yh. 

Broad,  kluk-ulh'. 

Broom,  bloom. 

Brother,  kdhp-ho,  if  elder  than 

the  speaker;    ow,  if  younger. 

Male  cousins  the  same. 
Brother-in-law,  ek'-keh. 
Bucket,  ta-mo'-litsh. 
Buffalo,  moos'-moos. 
Bullet,  le  bal;  ka-li'-tan. 

Bundle,  kow. 

But,  pe. 

Butter,  to-loosh'  la-kles'. 

Buttons,  tsil'-tsil. 

Buy,  to,  mah-kook. 

By-and-by,  win'-a-pie. 

c. 

Candle,  la  shan-del'. 
Carrot,  la  ca-lat'. 
Carry,  to,  lo'  lo. 

Cart,   tsik'-tsik  •  chik'-chik. 

Cascade,  turn'  wa-ter. 
Castrate,  to,  mahsh  stone. 


Cat,  puss' -puss. 

Cataract^  turn'  wa-ter. 

Cattle,  moos'-moos. 

Certainly,  na-uit'-ka. 

Chain,  la  shen;  chik'a-min  lope 

Chair,  la  shase. 

Cheat,  to,  la-ldh. 

Chicken,  la  pool. 

Chief,  ty-ee'. 

Child,  ten' -as. 

Clams,    o'-nay    luk'-ut-chee  •  la- 

kwit'-chee. 

Clams,  the  large  kind,  smet-ocks. 
Clear  up,  to,  chah-ko  klah. 
Cloth  (cotton),  sail. 
Clouds,  smoke. 
Coat,  ca-po'. 

CoJGFee,  kau'-py. 

Cold,  cole  •  tshis. 

Comb,  comb. 

Comb,  to,  mam'-ook  comb. 
Come,  to,  chah-ko. 
Confess,  to,  yi'-em. 
Conjuring,  ta-m&h-no-us. 
Cook,  to,  mam'-ook  pi'-ah. 
Copper,  pil  chik'-a-min. 
Cord,  ten' -as  lope. 
Corn,  e-salfh',  or  ye-salfh'. 
Corral,  kul-lagh. 
Cotton  goods,  sail. 

Cough,  hoh'-hoh. 
Count,  to,  mam'-ook  kwun'-nun. 
Cousin,  see  brother  and  sister. 
Coyote,   tal'-a-pus. 
Crab  apple,  pow'-itsh. 
Cranberry,  so'-le-mie. 
Crazy,  pel' -ton. 
Cream-colored,  le  clem. 
Crooked,  ki'-wa. 

CrOSS,  la  clo-a'. 
Crow,  kah-kah. 


PART   II.       ENGLISH — CHINOOK. 


35 


Cry,  to,  cly. 
Cup,  oos'-kan. 
Curly,  hunl'-kih. 
Cut,  to,  tVko'-pe. 

D. 

Dance,  to,   tanse. 

Dark,  darkness,  po'-lak-lie. 

Day,  sun. 

Dead,  mem'-a-loost. 

Deaf,  ik-poo'-ie  kwil-lan. 

Dear,  hy'-as  mdh-kook. 

Deep,  klip. 

Deer,  mow'-itsh. 

Demon,  skoo'-kum. 

Devil,  di-aub1 ;  yaub;  le-jaub'. 

Different,  hul-o'-i-ma. 

Difficult,  kull. 

Dig,  to,  mam'-ook  il'-la-hie. 

Dime,  Ut,  or  mil. 

Do,  to,  mam'-ook. 

Doctor,  doc'-tin. 

Dog,  kam'-ooks. 

Dollar,  dol'-la,  or  tdh-la. 

Door,  la  po'te. 

Down  stream,  mi'-mic. 

Drink,  to,  muck'-a-muck. 

Drive,  to,  kish'-kish. 

Drunk,  pdht-lum. 

Dry,  de-ly'. 

Duck    (Mallard),    kweh-kweh ; 

hdht-haht. 
Dust,  po'-lal-lie. 

E. 

Eagle,  chak'-chak. 
Ear,  kwo-lann'. 
Early,  ten'-as  sun. 
Earn,  to,  to'-lo 


Earth,  il'-la-hie. 
Eat,  to,  muck'-a-muck. 
Egg,  le  sap'  •  le  zep'. 
Eight,  sto'-te-kin. 
Elk,  moo'-lock. 
Enclosure,  kul-ldgh. 
English, 
Englishman, 
Enough,  hi-yu' ;  ko-pet'. 
Entrails,  ki-ydgh. 
Evening,  ten'-as  po'-lak-lie. 
Every,  kon'-a-way. 
Exchange,  huy-huy. 
Eyes,  se-ah-host. 

F. 

Face,  se-dh-host. 

Faded,  spo'-oh. 

Falsehood,  klim-in'-a-whit. 

Far,  si-dh. 

Fast  (quick),  hy-ak'. 

Fast  (tight),  kwutl. 

Fasten,  to,  koio. 

Fat,  glease. 

Father,  pa'-pa. 

Fathom,  it'-lan. 

Fear,  kwass. 

Fell,  to  (as  a  tree),  mam'-ook 

whim. 

Fence,  kul-ldgh. 
Fetch,  to,  mam'-ook  chdh-ko. 
Fever,  waum  sick. 

Few,  ten'-as. 

Fight,  to,  mam'-ook  sol'-leks. 

Fight,  with  fists,  mam'-ook 

puk'-puk. 

Figured  (as  calico),  tzum. 
File,  la  leem. 
Fill,  to,  mam'-ook  pahll. 
Find,  to,  klap. 


36 


PART   II.       ENGLISH CHINOOK. 


Fingers,  le  doo. 

Fire,  pi' -ah;  o-la-pits'-ki. 

First,  e'-lip,  or  el'-ip. 

Fish,  pish. 

Fish  hook,  ik'-kik. 

Five,  kwin'-num. 

Flea,  so'-pen  e'-na-poo  ;  cho'-tub. 

Flesh,  itl'-wil-lie. 

Flint,  kil-it'-sut. 

Flour,  sap'-o-lill. 

Fly,  to,  ka-wak'. 

Fog,  smoke. 

Food,  muck'-a-muck. 

Fool,  pel'-ton. 

Foolish,  pel'-ton. 

Foot,  le-pee'. 

Forever,  kwdh-ne-sum. 

Forget,  to,  mdh-lie. 

Fork,  la  poo-she t'. 

Formerly,  dhn-kul-tc,  or  dhn- 

kot-tie. 

Four,  lak'-it,  or  lok'-it. 
Fowl,  la  pool. 
French,  Frenchman,  pa-si' - 

ooks. 

Friend,  sikhs,  or  shikhs. 
Frog,  shwdh-kuk. 
Fry,  to,  mam'-ook  la  po-el'. 
Frying-pan,  la  po-el'. 
Full,  pahtl. 
Fundament,  o'-poots. 

G. 

Gallop,  to,  kwa-lal' -kiva-lal' . 

Gather,  to,  ho'-ku-melh. 

Get,  to,  if,' -k urn. 

Get  out,  mahsh. 

Get  up,  get-up',  or  ket-op'. 

Ghost,  skoo'-kum. 

Gift,  cul'-tus  pot' -latch. 


Give,  to,  pot' -latch. 

Glad,  kivann. 

Go,  to,  klat'-a-wa. 

God,  sdgh-a-lie  ty-ee'. 

Gold,  pil  chik'-a-min. 

Good,  A7ose,  or  kloshe. 

Good-bye,  kla-how'-ya. 

Goods,  ik'-tah. 

Goose,     tvhuy'-ivhuy ;    kal-ak-a- 

Idh-ma. 

Grandfather,  chope. 
Grandmother,  chitsh. 
Grease,  la-kles' ;  glease. 
Green,  pe-chugh'. 
Grey ;  a  grey  horse,  le  gley. 
Grizzly  bear,  si-am'. 
Ground,  il' -la-hie. 
Gun;  musket,  suk'-wa-lal. 

H. 

Hair,  yak'-so. 

Half,  sit'-kum. 

Hammer,  le  mdh-to. 

Hand,  le  mdh. 

Hand  (game  of),  it'-lo-kum. 

Handkerchief,  hak'-at-shum. 

Hard,  kull. 

Hare,  kwit' -shad-ie. 

Harrow,  to,  mam'-ook  comb  il'- 

la-hie. 

Hat,  se-dh-po;  se-dh-pult. 
Haul,  haul. 

Hazel-nuts,  tuk'-wil-la. 
He,  his,  ydh-ka. 
Head,  la  let. 
Heart,  turn' -turn. 
Heaven,  sdyh-il-lie  il' -la-hie. 
Heavy,  till. 

Help,  to,  inum'-ook  e-lanri. 
Here,  yuk'-wa. 


BANCROFT  LIBRARY 

PAKT    II.     ENGLISH CHINOOK. 


37 


Hermaphrodite,  bur'-dask. 
Hide,  to,  ip'-soot. 

High,  adyh-a-lie. 

Hit,  to,  kwaVh. 

Hoe,  la  pe-osh' . 

Hog,  co'-sho. 

Hole,  kla-wluup.  • 

Holiday,  Sunday. 

Horn,  atone. 

Horse,  kiu'-a-tan. 

House,  house. 

HOW,  kdh-ta. 

How  are  you,  kla-how'-ya. 

How  many,  kun'-sih  •  kun' 

juk. 

Hundred,  tuk-a-mo'-nuk. 
Hungry,  o'-lo. 
Hurry,  howh;  hy-ak'. 

I. 

I,  ni-ka. 

If,  spose. 

In,  ko'-pa. 

Indian,  si'-ivash. 

In  shore,  mdht-wil-lic. 

Iron,  chik'-a-min. 
It,  yah-ka. 

J. 

Jealous,  sick  tum'-tum. 
Jump,  to,  so'-pe-na. 

K. 

Kam-ass  root,  la'-ka-mass. 
Kettle,  ket-liny. 
Kick,  to,  chuk'-kin. 
Kiss,  to  kiss,  be'-be. 
Knife,  o'-pit-sah. 
Knock,  to,  ko'-ko. 


Knotty,  hiuil'-kih. 
Know,  to,  kum'-tuks. 

L. 

Lame,  klook  te-ah-wit. 

Lamprey  eel,  skwak'-wal, 

Language,  la  lang. 

Large,  hy-as'. 

Lately,  chee. 

Laughter,  hee'-hee. 

Lazy,  lazy. 

Leap,  to,  so'-pe-na. 

Leaf,  tup'-so,  or  tip'-so. 

Lean,  to,  %/t. 

Leave,  to,  mahsh. 

Leave  off,  to,  ko-pet'. 

Leg,  te-dh-ivit. 

Leggings,  mi-lass'. 

Lend,  to,  a-ydh-whul. 

Lick,  to,  klak'-wun. 

Lie,  to,  klim-in'-a-whit. 

Like,  kdh-kwa. 

Like,  to,  tik-egh. 

Little,  tcn'-as. 

Long,  youtl'-kut. 

Long   ago,   dhn-kut-te,   or   dhn- 

kot-tie. 
Look,  to,  nan'-itsh. 

Look  here!  nah. 

Look  out !  klose  nan'-itsh. 

Looking-glass,  shc-lok'-um. 

Loose,  sloh. 

Lose   the   way,    to,   tso'-lo; 

tsee-pie'  way-hut. 
Louse,  e'-na-poo,  or  in'-a-poo. 
Love,  to,  tik-egh. 

M. 

Magic,  ta-mdh-no-us. 


38 


PART    II.        ENGLISH CHINOOK. 


Make,  to,  mam'-ook. 
Man,  man. 
Many,  hy-iu'. 
Marry,  to,  mal-i-eh. 
Mass  (Ceremony  of),  la  messe. 
Mast,  ship  stick. 
Mat,  klis'-kwiss. 
Mattock,  la  pe-osh'. 
Measure,  to,  tah'-nim. 
Meat,  itl '-wil-lie. 
Medicine,  la  mes'-tin. 
Mend,  to,  mam'-ook  tip -shin. 

Menstruate,  to,  mahsh  pil'- 

pil. 
Metal,  metallic,  chik'-a-min. 

Middle,  the,  kat'-suk,  or  kot'- 

suk. 

Midnight,  sit'-kum  po'-lak-lie. 
Milk,  to-toosh'. 
Mill,  moo' -la. 
Mind,  the,  turn' -turn. 
Miss,  to,  tsee'-pie. 
Mistake,  to,  tsee'-pie. 
Moccasins,  skin-shoes. 
Molasses,  mel-ass'. 
Money,  chik'-a-min. 
Month,  moon. 
Moon,  moon. 
More,  weght. 
Mosquito,  mel'-a-kwa. 
Mother,  mama;  na'-ah. 
Mountain,  la  mon'-ti. 
Mouse,  hodl'-hool. 
Mouth,  la  boos. 
Much,  hy-iu'. 
Mule,  le  mel. 
Musical  Instrument,  tin'- 

tin. 

Musket,  musket. 
Mussels,   to'-luks. 
My,  mine,  ni'-ka. 


N. 

Nails,  le  cloo. 

Name,  nem  •  yah-hul. 

Near,  wake  si-dh. 

Neck,  le  con. 

Needle,  keep' -wot. 

New,  elite. 

Night,  po'-lak-lie. 

Nine,  kwaist,  or  kwcest. 

No,  not,  wake. 

Noise,  la  tlah. 

None,  ha'-lo. 

Nonsense,  cul'-tus  wau'-wau. 

Noon,  sit-kum  sun. 
Nose,  nose. 

Notwithstanding,   kegh-tchie 
NOW,  al'-ta. 

Numerals — 

1,  ikt. 

2,  mokst. 

3,  klone. 

4,  lakit. 

5,  kwinnum. 

6,  taghum. 

7,  sinnamokst. 

8,  stotekin. 

9,  kwaist. 

10,  tahtlelum. 

11,  tahtlelum  pe  ikt 
20,  mokst  tahtlelum. 

100,  ikt  takamonuk. 
Nuts,  tuk'-wil-la. 


0. 


Oak,  kull  stick. 

Oar,  la  lahm  •  la  lum. 

Oats,  la  wen. 

Off,  klak. 

Off  Shore,  maht-lin-nie 


PAET   H.       ENGLISH — CHINOOK. 


39 


Oil,  glea.se. 

Old,  o'-le-man. 

Old  man,  o'-le-man. 

Old  woman,  lam'-mi-eh. 

One,  ikt. 

One-eyed,  ikt  se-dh-host. 

Open,   hah-lakl. 
Opposite  to,  in'-a-ti. 
Or,  pe. 

Order,  to,  mahsh  turn' -turn. 
Other,  hul-(/-i-ma. 
Otter  (land),  ne-mam'-ooJes. 
Our,  ne-si'-Jca. 
Out  doors,  klagh-a-nie. 
Ox,  moos'-moos. 
Oyster,     chet'-lo,    or    jet'-lo; 
kl6gh-klogh. 

P. 

Paddle,  a,  is'-ick. 

Paddle,  to,  mam'-ook  is'-ick. 

Paint,  pent. 

Paint,  to,  mam'-ook  pent. 

Paper,  peh-pah. 

Peas,  le  pioau. 

People,  til'-i-kum. 

Perhaps,  klo-nas'. 

Petticoat,  kal-a-kwah'-tie. 

Piebald,  le  kye. 

Pin,  kwek'-wi-ens. 

Pipe,  la  peep. 

Pitch,  la  gome. 

Plate,  la  si-et1. 

Pleased,  youtl. 

Plough,  le  shal-loo'. 

Plough,  to,  klugh  il' -la-hie. 

Pole,  la  pehsh. 

Poor,     kla-how'-yum  •      ha'-lo 

ik'-ta. 
Pork,  co'-sho. 


Posteriors,  o'-poots. 

Potato,  wap'-pa-too. 
Pour,  to,  wagh. 
Powder,  po'-lal-lie. 
Prairie  wolf,  tal'-a-pus. 
Presently,  al'-kie;  win'-a-pie 
Pretty,  to'ke-tie. 
Priest,  le  plet. 
Proud,  youtl;  kwetVh. 
Provided  that,  spose. 
Pull,  haul. 


Q. 


Quarter,  ten'-as  sit'-kum. 
Quarter  (of  a  dollar),  kwah-ta 
Quick,  hy-ak'. 
Quills,  te-peh. 

R. 

Rabbit,  kwit'-shad-ie. 
Rain,  snass. 
Rattle,  shugh. 

Rattlesnake,  shugho'-poots. 
Razor  fish,  o'-na. 
Reach,  ko. 
Red,  pil. 

Relate,  to,  yi'-em. 
Return,  to,  kel'-i-pi. 
Ribbon,  le  lo'-ba. 
Rice,  lice. 
Rifle,  cal' -li-peen. 
Ring,  a,  kweo-kioeo. 
Ripe,  pi'-ah. 
River,  chuck. 

Road,  way'-hut. 

Roan  colored,  sari-de-lie. 

Roast,  mam'-ook  la  pel-lah'. 

Rock,  stone. 

Rope,  lope. 


40 


PAKT   II.       ENGLISH CHINOOK. 


Rotten,  poo'-lie. 
Round,  lo'-lo. 
Rudder,  boat  o'-poots. 
Rum,  him. 

S. 

Sack,  le  suk. 

Saddle,  la  sell. 

Saddle  housings,  le  pish'-e- 

mo. 

Sail,  sail. 
Sailor,  ship'-man. 
Salmon,  salmon. 
Salt,  salt. 
Sand,  po'-lal-lie. 
Sash,  la  san-jel'. 
Saw,  la  gwin  ;  la  scie. 
Say,  to,  wau'-wau. 
Scissors,  le  see'-zo._ 
Sea,  salt-chuck. 
Seal,  ol'-hi-yu  si'-wash  co'-sho. 
See,  to,  nan'-itsh. 
Sell,  to,  m&h-kook. 
Seven,  sinf~a-mozt. 
Sew,  to,  mam'-ook  tip'-shin. 
Shake,  to,  to-to ;  hul'-lel. 
Shame,  shem. 
Sharp,  ydh-kis-ilfh. 
Sharpen,  to,  mamj-ook  tsish. 
She,  her,  yah-ka. 
Sheep,  le  moo'-to. 
Shell  money  (the  small  size), 

coop-coop;  (the  large),  hy-kwa. 
Shingle,  le-bdh-do. 
Shining,  to~wagh. 
Ship,  ship. 
Shirt,  shut. 
Shoes,  shoes. 
Shoot,  to,  mam'-ook  poo. 
Short,  yutes-kut. 


Shot,  shot;  ten' -as  le  bal. 
Shot    pouch,   ka-li-tan   le-sac' • 

tsole'-pat. 

Shout,  to,  hy'-as  wau'-wait. 
Shovel,  la  pell. 
Shut,  to,  ik-poo'-ie. 
Sick,  sick. 
Sift,  to,  to-to. 
Silk,  la  sway. 
Silver,  t'kope  chik'-a-min. 
Similar,  kdh-ku>a. 
Since,  kim-ta. 
Sing,  to,  shan'-tie. 
Sister,  kahp-ho,  if  older  than  the 

speaker ;  ats,  if  younger. 
Sit,  to,  mit'-lite. 
Six,  t6gh-um. 
Skin,  skin. 
Skunk,  hum  o'-poots;  piu'-piu- 

skub'-e-you. 
Sky,  koo'-sagh. 
Slave,  e-li'-te ;  mist' -shi-mus. 
Sleep,  moo'-sum. 
Slowly,  kl&h-wa. 
Small,  ten'-as. 
Smell,  a,  humm. 
Smoke,  smoke. 
Snake,  o'-luk. 
Snow,  snow;  cole  snass. 
Soap,  soap. 
Soft,  klim'-min. 
Sorrel  colored,  a  sorrel  horse, 

le  blau. 

Sorry,  sick  tum'-tum. 
Sour,  kwates. 
Spade,  la  pell. 
Speak,  to,  wau'-wau. 
Spill,  to,  wagh. 
Spirits,  lum. 
Split,  tsugh. 
Split,  to,  mam'-ook  tsugh. 


PART   II.     ENGLISH — CHINOOK. 


Spectacles,  dol'-la  se-aah-ost, 

or  lak-it  se-agh-ost. 
Spit,  to,  mam'-ook  toh. 
Split,  to   become,  chdh-ko 

laugh. 

Spoon,  spoon, 
Spotted,  le  kye  ;  tzum. 
Spurs,  le  see'-blo. 
Squirrel,  tkwuf-kwi$. 
Stab,  to,  klem'-a-hun. 

Stand,  to,  mit'-whit. 

Stars,  tsil'-tsil. 

Stay,  to,  mit'-lite. 

Steal,  to,  kap-su-al-la. 

Steam,  smoke. 

Steamer,  pi'-ah  ship. 

Stick,  a,  stick. 

Stink,  a,  piu-piu  /  humm. 

Stirrup,  sit'  -lay. 

Stockings,  stock'  -en;  kush-is'. 

Stone,  stone. 

Stop,  to,  ko-pet'. 

Store,  mdh-kook  house. 

Story,  eh-kah-nam. 

Straight,  de-ldte,  or  de-let'  ; 

si'-pah. 

Strawberries,  a-mo'-te. 
Strong,  skoo'-kum. 
Sturgeon,  stutch'-un. 
Sugar,  le  sook  •  shu'-yah  ;  shu'- 


Summer,  waum  il'-la-hie. 
Sun,  sun;  6te-lagh. 
Sunday,  sunday. 
Sunset,  klip  sun. 
Suppose,  spose. 
Swan,  kah-loke. 
Sweep,  to,  mam'-ook  bloom. 
Sweet,  tsee. 
Swim,  sit'-shum. 


T. 

Table,  la  tahb. 

Tail,  o' -poots. 

Take,  to,  is'-kum. 

Take  care !  klose  nan'-itsh. 

Take  off,  or  out,  mam'-ook 
klak  ;  muJtsh. 

Tale,  or  story,  yi'-em;  eh-kah- 
nam. 

Talk,  tc,  wau'-wau. 

Tame,  kwass. 

Tea,  tea. 

Teach,  to,  mam'-ook  kum'-tuks. 

Tear,  to,  Hugh. 

Teeth,  le  tdh. 

Tell,  to,  wau'-wau. 

Ten,  laht-le-lum. 

Testicles,  stone. 

Thank  you,  mah-sie. 

That,  o'-koke. 

That  way,  yah-wa. 

There,  yah-wa;  ko-pah. 

They,  klas'-ka. 

Thick  (as  molasses),  pit'-lilh. 

Thin  (as  a  board),  p'chih  ;  pe- 
what'-tie. 

Thing,  ik'-tah. 

This,  o'-koke. 

This  way,  yuk'-wa. 

Thou,  thy,  thine,  mi'-ka. 

Thread,  Ha-pite. 

Three,  Hone. 

Throw  away,  mahsh. 

Tide,  see  chuck. 

Tie,  to,  kow. 

Tight,  kioutl. 

Tinware,  ma-l&h. 

Tip,  to,  laah. 

Tired,  till. 

To,  towards,  ko'-pa. 


PART   II.       ENGLISH — CHINOOK. 


Tobacco,  ki'-nootl;  ki'-noos. 
To-morrow,  to-mol'-la. 
Tongue,  la  lang. 
Trail,  way'-kut. 
Trap,  la  pi6ge. 
Tree,  stick. 

Tree,  fallen,  whim  stick. 
Trot,  to,  teh-teh. 

Trowsers,  sa-kol'-cks. 

True,  de-ldte. 

Truth,  de-ldte  wau'-wau. 

Tub,  ta-mo'-litsh. 

Twine,  ten' -as  lope;  kla-pite. 

Two,  twice,  mokst. 

u. 

Uncle,  tot. 

Under,  kee'-kwil-lie. 
Understand,  to,  kum'-tuks. 
Unhappy,  sick  tum'-tum. 
Untamed,  le-mo'-lo. 
Untie,    to,     mam'-ook    stoh ; 

mahsh  kow. 
Up,  sdgh-a-lie. 
Upset,  to,  kel'-i-pi. 
Us,  ne-si'-ka. 

V. 

Venereal,  the,  pi'-ah  sick. 
Venison,  mow'-itsh. 
Very,  hy-as'. 
Vessel,  ship. 
Vest,  la  west. 
Vomit,  to,  wagh. 

W. 

Wagon,   tsik'-tsik;  chik'-chik. 
Wander,  to,  tso'-lo. 


Want,  to,  tik-tgh. 

Warm,  waum. 

Wash,  to,  mam'-ook  wash. 

Watch,  a,  tik'-tik. 

Water,  chuck. 

Waterfall,  tum'-water. 

We,  ne-si'-ka. 

Weigh,  to,  mam'-ook  till. 

Wet,  pahtl  chuck. 

Whale,     eh'-ko-lie;     kwah-nice  ; 

kwad'-dis. 
What,  ik'-tah. 
Wheat,  sap'-o-lill. 
Wheel,  tsik'-tsik ;  chik'-chik. 
When,  kan'-sih;  kun-juk. 
Where,  kah. 
Whip,  le  whet. 
White,  tkope. 

Who,  klak'-sta. 

Whole,  lo'-lo. 
Why,  kdh-ta. 
Wicked,  me-sdh-chie. 
Wide,  kluk-ulh'. 
Wild,  le  mo'-lo. 
Will,  the,  tum'-tum. 
Willow,  ee'-nastick. 
Win,  to,  to'-lo. 
Wind,  wind. 
Winter,  cole  il'-la-hie. 
Wipe,  to,  klak'-wun. 
Wire,  chik'-a-min  lope. 
Wish,  to,  tik-egh. 
With,  ko'-pa. 
Without,  ha'-lo. 
Wolf,  le-loo'. 
Woman,  klootsh'-man, 
Woman  (old),  lam'-mi-eh. 
Wood,  wooden,  stick. 
Work,  to,  mam'-ook. 
Worn  out,  o-le-man. 
Worthless,  cul'-tus. 


PART   II.        ENGLISH CHINOOK.  43 

Wound,  to,  klem'-a-kun.  Yellow,  kaw'-ka-wak. 

Write,  to,  mam'-ook  peh-pah;     Yes,  dh-ha;  e-eh. 

mam'-ook  tzum.  Yes  indeed,  na-wit'-ka. 

Writing,  tzum.  Yesterday,     tdhl-kie;    tdhl-kie 

sun. 

Y.  You,    your,     yours,     me-si'- 

ka. 
Year,  ikt  cole.  Young,  ten'-as. 


THE  LORD'S  PRAYER  IN  JARGON. 


Nesika  papa  klaksta  mitlite  kopa    saghalie,    kloshe  kopa  nesika 
Our      father       who        stayeth       in       the  above,       good         in        our 

turntum    mika    nem;   kloshe  mika  tyee    kopa     konaway  tilikura; 
hearts  (be)      thy      name ;     good      thou     chief    among  all  people ; 

kloshe  raika  tumtum  kopa  illahie,  kahkwa  kopa  saghalie.     Fotlatch 
good      thy         will         upon     earth         as  in       the  above.          Give 

konaway  sun  nesika  muckamuck.    Spose  nesika  mamook  masahchie, 
every      day      our  food.  If          we  do  ill, 

wake    mika  hyas    solleks,    pe    spose    klaksta    masahchie     kopa 
(be)  not     thou     very       angry,      and        if        any  one  evil  towards 

nesika,   wake  nesika  solleks    kopa    klaska.       Mahsh       siah    kopa 
us  not         we         angry      towards     them.        Send  away       far       from 


nesaika  konaway  masahchie. 
us  all  evil. 


Kloshe  kahkwa. 


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